Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins with Phytochemicals: Potentials and Challenges

Anjorin, Toba Samuel; Salako, E. A.; Makun, Hussaini Anthony

doi:10.5772/53477

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Phenolic compounds are recorded to efficiently suppress the fungal infection during the post-harvest stage [ 26 ], which may affect the mycotoxins-producing process on the stored commodities [ 16 ]. Herbal plants with antioxidant properties have antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activities [ 27 ]. The antigenotoxicity of plant extracts was tested against the genotoxicity caused by the AFB 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vitro and In-Silico Investigation for the Spent-Coffee Bioactive Phenolics as a Promising Aflatoxins Production Inhibitor

Farouk

Alsulami

Ali

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Aflatoxin, is a naturally occurring polyketide generated by Aspergillus flavus via biosynthetic pathways, including polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal enzymes. The in vitro analysis supported by molecular dynamics (MD) techniques was used to examine the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) methanol extract. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography results revealed the presence of 15 phenolic acids and five flavonoids. (R)-(+)-Rosmarinic acid (176.43 ± 2.41 µg/g) was the predominant of the detected acids, followed by gallic acid (34.83 ± 1.05 µg/g). At the same time, apigenin-7-glucoside is the dominant flavonoid in the SCGs extract by 1717.05 ± 5.76 µg/g, and naringin (97.27 ± 1.97 µg/g) comes next. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of the SCGs extracts was 380 µL/mL and 460 µL/mL, respectively. The SGGs’ effect of inhibiting five Aspergillus strains’ growth on the agar media ranged between 12.81 ± 1.71 to 15.64 ± 1.08 mm by two diffusion assays. Molecular docking results confirmed the inhibitory action of different phenolics and flavonoids on the PKS and NPS key enzymes of the aflatoxin biosynthetic mechanism. The SCGs extract components with the highest free binding energy, naringin (−9.1 kcal/mL) and apigenin 7-glucoside (−9.1 kcal/mol), were subjected to an MD simulation study. The computational results infer the stabilizing effects on the enzymes upon ligand binding led to the impairment in its functionality. The current study represents a novel attempt to assess the anti aflatoxins mechanism of phenolics and flavonoids targeting PKS and NPS via computational approaches compared to in-vitro assays.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vitro and In-Silico Investigation for the Spent-Coffee Bioactive Phenolics as a Promising Aflatoxins Production Inhibitor

Farouk

Alsulami

Ali

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…In recent years, accelerated efforts have been undertaken in the screening of plant metabolites for their potential use as alternatives to synthetic fungicides and the development of environmental-friendly solutions to counteract the growth of toxigenic fungi and their production of mycotoxins [16]. These efforts have been mainly concentrated on legislated mycotoxins, intensely on aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and fumonisins [27,28]. The present study evidenced for the first time the capacity of several plant hydroxycinnamic acids to inhibit the fungal growth of ENNs producing fungal isolates, and to efficiently reduce the production of ENNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Efficiency of Hydroxycinnamic Acids to Inhibit the Production of Enniatins by Fusarium avenaceum and Modulate the Expression of Enniatins Biosynthetic Genes

Gautier

Pinson‐Gadais

Verdal-Bonnin

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Enniatins (ENNs) that belong to the group of emerging mycotoxins are widespread contaminants of agricultural commodities. There is currently insufficient evidence to rule out health concerns associated with long-term exposure to ENNs and efforts must be strengthened to define a control strategy. While the potential of plant compounds to counteract the contamination with legislated mycotoxins has been reported, little remains known regarding ENNs. The present study evidenced for the first time the efficiency of hydroxycinnamic acids to inhibit the fungal growth and ENNs yield by Fusarium avenaceum. Notably, 0.5 mM of exogenous ferulic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids led to a drastic reduction of ENNs synthesis in pH4 broths, with ferulic acid being the most potent. The ENNs production inhibitory activity of ferulic acid was shown to be associated with a significant down-regulation of the expression of ENNs biosynthetic genes. To further investigate the bioactivity of ferulic acid, its metabolic fate was characterized in fungal broths and the capacity of F. avenaceum to metabolize it through a C2-cleavage type degradation was demonstrated. Overall, our data support the promising use of ferulic acid in ENNs control strategies, either as part of an environmentally friendly plant-care product or as a biomarker of plant resistance.

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“…The presence of pathogenic microorganisms and mycotoxins in beverages constitutes a Public Health hazard for consumers and economic loss for the producers (Granados‐Chinchilla et al., 2018) as many of these fungi are in the spoilage category and the presence of toxigenic fungi is indicators of a possible mycotoxin contamination risk (Anjorin et al., 2013). It is of paramount importance that these fermented products be prepared under good sanitary and hygienic conditions including application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diversity of “solom” a Ghanaian traditional beverage of millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

Kortei

Asiedu

Annan

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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The association of cereals with fungi cannot be disregarded as their manifestation in our foods poses serious health risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the mycofloral (fungal) and chemical (pH) qualities of the “solom” (beverage of millet) available for consumption from their respective sales points in Ho. “Solom” a cereal beverage of millet was sampled from ten (10) different locations in the Ho Municipality of Ghana and evaluated for their pH, fungal counts, and species diversity. Mycological analyses were done on Oxytetracycline Glucose Yeast Extract (OGYE) and Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) media from three (3) points per location using serial dilution. A total of fourteen (14) fungal species belonging to eight (8) genera were isolated on both media; Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus, A. alutaceaus, A. terreus), Rhizopus (R. stolonifer), Mucor (M. racemosus), Fusarium (F. oxysporum), Penicillium (P. digitatum, P. verucosum), Cladosporium (C. cladosporoides), Curvularia (C. lunata), and Rhodotorula sp. were recorded. Fungal counts on both media ranged between 1.68 ± 0.8 and 4.11 ± 0.9 log10 CFU/ml. There were statistically significant (p < .05) differences observed in the samples from different locations. The values of pH recorded were in the range of 3.03 ± 0.09–4.03 ± 0.23 and showed no significant differences (p > .05) among them. All samples were found to be in the acceptable range of values prescribed by the International Commission for Microbiological Specification of Foods (ICMSF, 1998). Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) should be employed to enhance food safety.

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Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins with Phytochemicals: Potentials and Challenges

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

In-Vitro and In-Silico Investigation for the Spent-Coffee Bioactive Phenolics as a Promising Aflatoxins Production Inhibitor

In-Vitro and In-Silico Investigation for the Spent-Coffee Bioactive Phenolics as a Promising Aflatoxins Production Inhibitor

Investigating the Efficiency of Hydroxycinnamic Acids to Inhibit the Production of Enniatins by Fusarium avenaceum and Modulate the Expression of Enniatins Biosynthetic Genes

Fungal diversity of “solom” a Ghanaian traditional beverage of millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

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