Controlling emerging infectious diseases in salmon aquaculture

Pettersen, J.M.; Osmundsen, Tonje Cecilie; Aunsmo, Arnfinn; Mardones, Fernando O.; Rich, Karl M.

doi:10.20506/rst.34.3.2406

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the global salmon sector is increasingly threatened by emerging infectious diseases, which have caused substantial problems and costs for the industry (Pettersen et al 2015). According to Mardones et al (2018) salmon farming in Chile has faced a myriad of challenging issues including production stability, sustainability, social transformations, and disease outbreaks.…”

Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing viral and bacterial threats to salmon farming in Chile: historical contexts and perspectives for management and control

Figueroa

Cárcamo

Yáñez

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The rapid growth of the salmon farming industry in Chile has led to the appearance of various viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal pathogens affecting farmed fish. The Chilean salmon industry has suffered several health crises associated with high fish mortalities, such as caused by the infectious salmon anaemia virus (2007) and harmful algal blooms (2016). In addition to these events, marine farms are continuously affected by outbreaks of harmful pathogens, including the bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis and, most recently, a reappearance of Renibacterium salmoninarum, and the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. These outbreaks have led to stricter regulations, but the salmon farming industry continues to struggle despite reforms. In addition to the aforementioned pathogens, which are a continuous threat, other apparently under control pathogens have also reappeared in recent years. In this review, we analyse the current state of knowledge on four of the main pathogens affecting salmon farming in Chile. The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is relevant as it affects freshwater‐stage fish, with survivors then acting as carriers. The infectious salmon anaemia virus currently appears to be under control; however, P. salmonis and R. salmoninarum continue to be the cause for high mortalities in the Chilean aquaculture industry.

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Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing viral and bacterial threats to salmon farming in Chile: historical contexts and perspectives for management and control

Figueroa

Cárcamo

Yáñez

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is thus imperative to gain sufficient knowledge to be able to implement effective industry-level control measures. In this context, it is noteworthy that animal health economics studies have increasingly been applied to estimate the economic impact of disease and the value of control measures (Aunsmo, Valle, Sandberg, Midtlyng, & Bruheim, 2010;Pettersen, Osmundsen, Aunsmo, Mardones, & Rich, 2015;Pettersen et al, 2016). Such models could be valuable tools in future management of CMS in farmed salmon.…”

Section: Biosecurity Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiomyopathy syndrome in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.: A review of the current state of knowledge

Garseth

Fritsvold

Svendsen

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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and 2011 were significant discoveries that gave new impetus to the CMS research.In Norway, CMS usually causes mortality in large salmon in ongrowing and broodfish farms, resulting in reduced fish welfare, significant management-related challenges and substantial economic losses. The disease thus has a significant impact on the Atlantic salmon farming industry. There is a need to gain further basic knowledge about the virus, the disease and its epidemiology, but also applied knowledge from the industry to enable the generation and implementation of effective prevention and control measures. This review summarizes the currently available, scientific information on CMS and PMCV with special focus on epidemiology and factors influencing the development of CMS.

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“…Here, only losses and expenditures on vaccination were considered, while other expenditures were assumed to be constant. Expenditures on preventive measures, such as fallowing an aquaculture site after each production cycle, are generally attractive control measures because they act against multiple pathogens simultaneously [15]. Therefore, we expect a potential reduction in these expenditures to be lower than the corresponding reduction in production losses, i.e.…”

Section: Effect Of R 0 On Expenditures and Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic value of R0 for selective breeding against microparasitic diseases

Janssen

Bijma

2020

Genet Sel Evol

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Background: Microparasitic diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses. Genetic improvement of resistance to microparasitic diseases in breeding programs is desirable and should aim at reducing the basic reproduction ratio R 0 . Recently, we developed a method to derive the economic value of R 0 for macroparasitic diseases. In epidemiological models for microparasitic diseases, an animal's disease status is treated as infected or not infected, resulting in a definition of R 0 that differs from that for macroparasitic diseases. Here, we extend the method for the derivation of the economic value of R 0 to microparasitic diseases. Methods: When R 0 ≤ 1 , the economic value of R 0 is zero because the disease is very rare. When R 0 . is higher than 1, genetic improvement of R 0 can reduce expenditures on vaccination if vaccination induces herd immunity, or it can reduce production losses due to disease. When vaccination is used to achieve herd immunity, expenditures are proportional to the critical vaccination coverage, which decreases with R 0 . The effect of R 0 on losses is considered separately for epidemic and endemic disease. Losses for epidemic diseases are proportional to the probability and size of major epidemics. Losses for endemic diseases are proportional to the infected fraction of the population at the endemic equilibrium. Results:When genetic improvement reduces expenditures on vaccination, expenditures decrease with R 0 at an increasing rate. When genetic improvement reduces losses in epidemic or endemic diseases, losses decrease with R 0 at an increasing rate. Hence, in all cases, the economic value of R 0 increases as R 0 decreases towards 1. Discussion: R 0 and its economic value are more informative for potential benefits of genetic improvement than heritability estimates for survival after a disease challenge. In livestock, the potential for genetic improvement is small for epidemic microparasitic diseases, where disease control measures limit possibilities for phenotyping. This is not an issue in aquaculture, where controlled challenge tests are performed in dedicated facilities. If genetic evaluations include infectivity, genetic gain in R 0 can be accelerated but this would require different testing designs. Conclusions: When R 0 ≤ 1 , its economic value is zero. The economic value of R 0 is highest at low values of R 0 and approaches zero at high values of R 0 . © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article' s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article' Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with ...

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Controlling emerging infectious diseases in salmon aquaculture

Cited by 36 publications

References 55 publications

Addressing viral and bacterial threats to salmon farming in Chile: historical contexts and perspectives for management and control

Addressing viral and bacterial threats to salmon farming in Chile: historical contexts and perspectives for management and control

Cardiomyopathy syndrome in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.: A review of the current state of knowledge

The economic value of R0 for selective breeding against microparasitic diseases

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