Controlling pollutant emissions in a high-pressure combustor with fuel-diluent blending

Stiehl, Bernhard; Morales, Anthony J.; Genova, Tommy; Otero, Michelle; Martin, Scott M.; Yoon, Changjin; Ahmed, Kareem A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123481

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…CO is emitted from incompletely combusted materials in the gas turbine, and has to be controlled as it is poisonous in large quantities. Diluents can be injected into the gas turbine to mitigate NOx emissions by lowering the combustion temperature; however, lowering the combustion temperature will also increase the amount of CO [34]. Thus, the addition of a diluent must be carefully tuned.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Co-Gasification Methods for Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Plastic Wastes

Williams,

Bourtsalas

2023

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent decades, economic development and population growth has been accompanied by the generation of billions of tonnes of solid residues or municipal “wastes”, a substantial portion of which is composed of plastics and biomass materials. Combustion-based waste-to-energy is a viable and mature method of extracting calorific value from these end-of-life post-recyclable materials that are otherwise landfilled. However, alternative thermochemical methods, such as gasification, are becoming attractive due to the ability to synthesize chemical precursors for supply chain recirculation. Due to the infancy of gasification technology deployment, especially in the context of anthropogenic CO2 emission reduction, additional systems engineering studies are necessary. Herein, we conduct an attributional life cycle analysis to elucidate the syngas production and environmental impacts of advanced thermochemical gasification methods for the treatment of biomass and plastic wastes obtained from municipal solid wastes, using a comprehensive thermodynamic process model constructed in AspenTech. Feedstock composition, process parameters, and gasification methods are varied to study the effects on syngas quality, yield, power generation potential, and overall greenhouse gas emissions. Steam-based gasification presents up to 38% reductions in CO2 emissions when compared to conventional thermochemical methods. Using gasifier-active materials, such as metal hydroxides, can also further reduce CO2 emissions, and realizes a capture load of 1.75 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of plastic/stover feedstock. This design alteration has implications for reductions in CAPEX due to the mode of CO2 capture utilized (e.g., solid sorbent vs. liquid SELEXOL). The use of renewable energy to provide a method to generate steam for this process could make the environmental impact of such MSW gasification processes lower by between 60–75% tonnes of CO2 per tonne of H2. Overall, these results can be used to inform the guidance of advanced waste gasification methods as a low-carbon transition towards a circular economy.

show abstract

Section: Environmental Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Co-Gasification Methods for Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Plastic Wastes

Williams,

Bourtsalas

2023

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The combustion process of methane-air mixtures itself and the influence of impurities on formation or reduction of pollutants, such as NOx are quite well understood [1,2], However, these species with adverse health effects occur only in small concentrations and are of minor concern in rocket engine operations, due to the limited number of launches of rockets and their huge safety radius related to engine operations. Some investigations include partially oxygen-enriched combustion conditions [3], but they are still far away from the pure oxygen conditions without nitrogen in the mixture, that exist in space propulsion and result in much higher combustion temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Compounds in Liquefied Methane on Rocket Engine Operation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methane (CH4) is a promising rocket fuel for various future space mission scenarios. It has advantages in terms of cost, performance, and environmental friendliness. Currently, there is no clear definition on standards and specifications for liquefied methane or similar liquids such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) for their use as rocket fuel. However, those regulations are necessary for the commercial, safe, and proper operation of methane rocket engines. Composition and impurities of liquefied methane gas mixtures obtained from natural gas or biogenic sources depend on location of the natural gas source (Europe, Asia, or America), its extraction method and treatment, used cleaning methods or conditions of the gasification process, and biomass sources. In the present work, effects of impurities (N2, CO2, C2H6) within liquid natural gas/liquid methane on the methalox rocket engine operation behavior are analyzed. Regarding the cold cryogenic side, phase diagrams are discussed and critical temperatures for the fuel side are outlined. Carbon dioxide is identified as a rather problematic pollutant. The combustion processes are investigated with several numerical simulations (1D and 2D CFD). The results indicate a minor influence on the overall combustion temperature and a minor but potentially relevant influence on the pressure within the combustion chamber. Additionally, the results indicate that with respect to temperature and pressure, no complex NOx nitrogen chemistry is required.

show abstract

Mixing performance of preheated flue gas entering selective catalytic reactor under low loads

Zhang

Zhou

2023

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controlling pollutant emissions in a high-pressure combustor with fuel-diluent blending

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Assessment of Co-Gasification Methods for Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Plastic Wastes

Assessment of Co-Gasification Methods for Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Plastic Wastes

Effects of Compounds in Liquefied Methane on Rocket Engine Operation

Mixing performance of preheated flue gas entering selective catalytic reactor under low loads

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About