Conventional and advanced treatment technologies for palm oil mill effluents: a systematic literature review

A Review of Biodegradation as a Panacea for Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME) Pollution

“…Chemical treatment act by changing the chemical properties, such as acid neutralization or alkalinity. Meanwhile, before any secondary treatment, physical procedures include screening, sedimentation, and oil removal are also important for effective biological degradation of POME (Yashni, et al, 2020). Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP) that provides the treatment of POME with a promising green approach (Yashni et al, 2020).…”

“…Meanwhile, before any secondary treatment, physical procedures include screening, sedimentation, and oil removal are also important for effective biological degradation of POME (Yashni, et al, 2020). Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP) that provides the treatment of POME with a promising green approach (Yashni et al, 2020). A catalyst or semiconductor such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are used to effectively convert POME contaminants into harmless products through the production of sufficient quantities of hydroxyl radicals (OH).…”

“…By utilizing photon energy from solar light illumination, photocatalysis decomposes organic pollutants (Chin et al, 2019;Cheng et al, 2017). Another treatment method for advanced oxidation process (AOP) of POME is Fenton oxidation, this protocol is widely explored for POME treatment due to its ease of operation and potential to degrade harmful substances to form intermediates with enhanced biodegradability (Yashni et al, 2020). Fenton oxidation process utilizes Fenton reagents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous ion (Fe2þ) in the presence of light to produce (OH) and oxidation of Fe2þ to ferric ions (Fe3þ) which trigger the degradation of organic compounds.…”

Utilization of moringa oleifera and nanofiltration membrane to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME)

“…Palm oil mill effluent contains residual oil and high organic content linked with several environmental issues related to untreated palm oil mill effluent discharge [1]. It takes between 5 tons and 7.5 tons of water to produce a single ton of crude palm oil, a process that results in the generation of almost 3.5 m 3 of palm oil mill effluent [2].…”

“…Several conventional treatments, such as adsorption, filtration, and coagulation-flocculation, electrochemical oxidation, membrane separation, etc., have been reported to be used in palm oil mill ef-fluent treatment [1,13,14]. In coagulation-flocculation, various coagulants, such as alum, polyaluminium inorganic salt, chloride, ferric chloride, and hydrated lime, are used for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent.…”