Conventional and unconventional materials used in the production of brake pads – review

Abstract

Brakes are one of the most important components of vehicle. The brake system must be reliable and display unchanging action throughout its use, as it guards the health and life of many people. Properly matched friction pair, a disc and brake pad (in disc brakes), have a great impact on these factors. In most cases, the disc is made of grey cast iron. The brake pads are far more complex components. New technologies make it possible to develop materials with various compositions and different proportions, and connect them permanently in fully controllable processes. This elaboration shows that all these factors have a greater or lesser impact on the coefficient of friction, resistance to friction wear and high temperature, and brake pad’s operating life. This review collects the most important, the most interesting, and the most unconventional materials used in production of brake pads, and characterizes their impact on the tribological properties of pads.

Overview of the Important Factors Influencing the Performance of Eco-Friendly Brake Pads

“…The friction material that is in direct contact with the disc during the braking process is the essential layer on the brake pads. This material is made of various ingredients that are each developed for specific applications [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Identification and quantification of anthropogenic nanomaterials in urban rain and runoff using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry

“…66 Al, Ti, and Fe can be attributed to both natural (soil) and anthropogenic emissions (e.g., road marking, car paint, brake pads, and other vehicular parts, etc.). 67,68 Metal concentrations (e.g., Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ba, and W) were higher in Blossom Street rain and runoff than in Quail Lane rain and runoff (Fig. 1, Tables S5 and S6 †), which can be attributed to the higher traffic density on Blossom Street Bridge compared to Quail Lane Bridge.…”

A Review of Compressed Air Engine in the Vehicle Propulsion System

“…The problem can be simply solved by heating the supply air or using a heat exchanger. In comparison to other drive units, it results in a reducing temperature range in which the engine operates, thus the engine design does not require the use of materials with high resistance parameters and sufficient thermal expandability under varying thermal load (Borawski, 2020;Mieczkowski, 2016a;Myagkov et al, 2014). The possibility of using commonly available engineering materials for the design of the propulsion system has a wide-ranging environmental impact.…”