Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water

Djezzar, Souaad

doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Indeed, PI is a favorable point for the chemical engineering [133][134][135] . As mentioned above, considerable ameliorations in HMT could be reached in intensified units [136][137][138]. These ameliorations imply that process periods and so energy consumption could be greatly decreased for a given operation [139][140][141].…”

Section: Applying Process Intensification (Pi) For Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Chemistry and Process Intensification: Milestones on a Sustainable Development

Ghernaout

Elboughdiri

Lajimi

2021

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As a philosophical support, green chemistry (GC) becomes at present well-combined into the scientific system to assist scientists and engineers consider how to decrease or remove waste and avert the employment and formation of hazardous substances in the design phase of chemicals. Such design attempts in turn affect the full life-cycle of the chemical, from getting the starting materials until the end-use product is recycled or disposed of. There is a considerable advance noted in such direction during the last three decades, this review focuses on GC research. As a comparatively fresh technique, revision in process intensification (PI) is fast and investigation could rapidly lead to outstanding outcomes. However, numerous features of PI could take more time to be fact. Much of the study stays in academic and industrial laboratories, even if large-scale implementations of micro-reactors are actuality. Fields of PI enterprise that have progressed quickly are the expansion of carbon capture techniques, an increasing interest in GC, and the beginning of momentous study into connecting solar energy to intensified methods like chemical reactions. Electric fields (e.g., microwaves and ultrasound) are observed in larger usages, and the application of electrokinetic forces at the micro- and nanoscale persist to fascinate. Huge investigations are working for the sake of ideas like the perfect reactor. PI remains a motif leading to attain a sustainable society. This work may be an orientation in the investigation of product development and design, production and application, in a constructive and stimulating way.

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Section: Applying Process Intensification (Pi) For Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Chemistry and Process Intensification: Milestones on a Sustainable Development

Ghernaout

Elboughdiri

Lajimi

2021

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“…If juxtaposing to NOM [36], AOM seems to carry more organic nitrogen and hydrophilic content [37], less aromatic carbon content and much smaller specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA < 2 L/mg/m) [ [43]. Matched to EOM, IOM is richer in proteins or peptides, more hydrophilic with lower SUVA level.…”

Section: Characterization Of Algal Organic Matter (Aom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation Process for Removing Algae and Algal Organic Matter—An Overview

Ghernaout¹,

Elboughdiri²,

Ghareba³

et al. 2020

OALib

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In drinking water sources, seasonal algal blooms have augmented greatly during the last decades following the elevated temperature and nutrient loading in surface water because of agricultural and surface runoff. More than 95% of algal cells may be retained via coagulation/flocculation techniques. Nevertheless, algal organic matter (AOM) stays not eliminated well throughout coagulation, therefore it provokes many working dares in potable water treatment. This work aims to discuss the performance of coagulation on AOM reduction. The main pathway of algae and AOM reduction stays charge neutralization (CN) at an optimum pH of about 6.0. More research has to follow the reduction of low-molecular weight AOM, reluctant to coagulate, with additional treatment methods to diminish its negative influence on water safety. As dissolved microcystins (MCs) are efficaciously eliminated via CN, enhanced coagulation (EC) would be more suitable for their elimination. On the other hand, some precautions must be followed to guarantee that the acid injection has not a secondary impact in the form of algaecide treatment to avert the dissolved MCs concentration augmentation. Consequently, both algae and dissolved MCs may be efficiently removed by EC when appropriate rapid mixing and acid/coagulant dosage are guaranteed.

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“…For polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDADMAC), the monomer amount limit is 0.5% in Europe and 2% in the USA [54,55]. For potable water treatment [56][57][58][59], the National Sanitation Foundation has suggested limit injections for usually employed commercial polymers in the USA. The maximums are frequently < 50 mg/L for PDADMAC, < 20 mg/L for epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine (ECH/DMA) polymers and < 1 mg/L for polyacrylamides (PAMs), irrespective of the PAM charge kind [50].…”

Section: Polyelectrolyte Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lethal Water Tri-Therapy: Chlorine, Alum, and Polyelectrolyte

Ghernaout¹,

Algahmdi²,

Aichouni³

et al. 2018

WJAC

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There is no doubt that the chemical water treatment has resolved the problem of drinking water supply for several decades to humankind especially in terms of pathogen microorganisms and turbidity removal. However, due to chemicals used through this treatment and increasing quantities of pollutants discharged into nature, numerous health problems have been largely more and more proved and reported. This review discusses the toxicity of chlorine, alum, and polyelectrolyte which are widely employed through the world. The main addressed question here is: When the true and radical water treatment technology will be really and definitely applied? There is no water treatment technique but only distillation process which is successfully applied at the largest scale in nature by God. At least, physical processes such as membrane processes should be more and more applied through water treatment plants for reducing chemicals use. Most of chlorination disadvantages may be avoided through a better understanding of the mutual actions conducting to the generation of chlorine by-products and the use of more sophisticated procedures to assess toxicity capacity of such chemicals. Finally, this study arrives at its time since the Environmental Engineers and the Green Chemistry specialists have largely opened the discussion about polluting industry and preserving nature. Returning Man to its initial and noble Mission on Earth is reflected through this research to preserve both humankind and nature.

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Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Green Chemistry and Process Intensification: Milestones on a Sustainable Development

Green Chemistry and Process Intensification: Milestones on a Sustainable Development

Coagulation Process for Removing Algae and Algal Organic Matter—An Overview

The Lethal Water Tri-Therapy: Chlorine, Alum, and Polyelectrolyte

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