Conversion from mono-axial to isotropic measurements for assessing human exposure to electromagnetic fields of GSM/DCS/UMTS base stations

Abstract

This paper proposes a way to assess total electric field strength by using mono-axial probe (instead of isotropic, tri-axial probe). When mono-axial probe is used, additional conversion factor should be applied. Consequently, the usage of mono-axial probe causes additional uncertainty in measurement results that should be taken into account. Measurement results for seven different environments show that the additional multiplicative conversion factor value of 1.95 should be applied and additional uncertainty in measurement results of 33.07 % should be taken into account.

Comparison of Average Total EMF Exposure for Microcell/Macrocell Topologies Using Novel Methodology Based on Operational Network Measurements

“…In UMTS, the whole carrier is measured, meaning that the measurement of target cells with different carriers contains power levels received from surrounding base stations/sectors as well. The drawback is that the Rx power measured by the UE cannot be directly linked to power density, needed for exposure calculation, since the link depends on the type of antenna and its relative position to the incident wave vector [43]. In other words, the Rx samples do not capture the whole field.…”