Conversion of glucose into platform chemicals using aluminophosphates (SAPO-5 and MeAPO-5) in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The conversion of glucose into platform chemicals such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid and formic acid has been investigated using two aluminophosphate based zeotypes (SAPO-5 and MeAPO-5) catalysts in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid as a reaction medium. The silico aluminophosphates (SAPO-5) and metal aluminophosphates (MeAPO-5) were designed and chosen for their tunable amount and strength of acid sites. The dehydration of glucose using each catalyst gave more than 90% glucose conversion. Among all the catalysts tested, the most hydrophilic SAPO-5 (1.5T) results in a better 5-HMF yield of 8% at 100 °C and 6 h reaction time. Contrary to this, the more hydrophobic SAPO-5 gives higher yield of levulinic acid and formic acid and no 5-HMF yield at this particular reaction time. In general, despite the higher glucose conversion attained by these aluminophosphate based catalysts, the lower yield obtained by these materials can be attributed to the type of acidity and the incompatibility of the pore diameter of the AFI channels of the catalysts and the desired products.

Environmental uses of zeolites in Ethiopia

“…In summary, the presence of strong Lewis acidity has a major effect on catalytic activity in aqueous-organic biphasic medium. In contrast, the quick adsorption and strong interaction of the ionic liquid with the zeolite, most probably hinders the diffusion of the products, enhancing the role of zeolite mesoporosity on the catalytic activity when the reaction is carried out in ionic liquid solution [41,42].…”

Efficient Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over a Sn-Modified SAPO-34 Zeolite Catalyst

“…At present, most of the studies on the catalytic glucose conversion over zeolite catalysts were mainly achieved with FAU and BEA structures. 20,29 FAU and BEA zeolites have the suitable pore structure for the molecular size of glucose. Glucose molecules could enter into the inner pore of the catalyst for the dehydration reaction, which was more conducive to make full use of the catalytic active sites inside the pore of the zeolite, thus improving its catalytic efficiency.…”

“…The effect of various affecting parameters including Sn loading, solvent system, reaction temperature, and time was comprehensively tested. To elucidate the effect of Sn incorporation on the performance of the modified SAPO-34 zeolite in glucose transformation, the physicochemical properties of Sn/SAPO-34 catalysts were systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, N 2 physisorption, XPS, solid-state 119 Sn, 29 Si, and 31 characterization and experimental results. Finally, the reusability of the catalyst was tested.…”

“…In this work, a series of Sn/SAPO-34 catalysts were prepared through impregnation and evaluated in glucose conversion to HMF. The physicochemical properties of Sn/SAPO-34 catalysts were systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, N 2 physisorption, XPS, solid-state 119 Sn, 29 Si, and 31 P NMR, XRF, UV−vis, NH 3 -TPD, and pyridine-FTIR techniques. It was demonstrated that controlling the Sn loading amount could facilely adjust the acid strength and acid amount of the SAPO-34 zeolite.…”

Novel ionic liquid [Et3N-SO3H][MeSO3]: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are an attractive group of organic compounds which have ionic structure (contain cation and anion), and have been extensively utilized as eco-friendly solvents, reagents and catalysts in organic synthesis. Non-flammability, non-volatility, structural designability, thermal and chemical stability, ability to dissolve a wide range of chemicals and wide liquid range are some of ILs benefits [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Among the subgroups of ILs (neutral, basic and acidic), protic acidic ones have been especially applied as catalysts to promote organic transformations [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”