Conversion of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates into biofuels and high-value chemicals

Liang, Yan; Yao, Qian; Fu, Yao

doi:10.1039/c7gc02503c

Cited by 206 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…LeA, obtained from cellulosic biomass, is accompanied by FA as a coproduct during glucose dehydration . The hydrogenation of LeA and its ester derivatives to γ‐valerolactone (GVL), 1,4‐PeDO, 2‐methyltetrahydrofuyran (MTHF), and valeric acid has gained extensive interest . GVL can be used as a renewable solvent in future chemical industry.…”

Section: Case Study B: Carboxylic Acid Conversionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Different from CTH‐I, the two parallel reactions involve two different substrates for CTH (CTH‐II; see Figure ). With respect to the nature of CTH‐II, one can easily propose that the reforming/WGS of alcohols/acids (simultaneous C−C, C−O, and C−H cleavage) and APH reactions (C−O cleavage) occur on different active sites . However, to the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of mechanistic modeling on the detailed picture of how H 2 transfers from alcohols/acids to bioderived polyols, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes on two different sites.…”

Section: Classification Of Cth Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carboxylic acids, including LA, LeA, and SA, represent a large family of chemical intermediates for a variety of downstream products, such as 1,2‐PDO, 1,4‐BDO, 1,4‐PeDO, and lactone derivatives, obtained from ring‐closing reactions of dicarboxylic acids (Scheme ) . It is known in the petrochemical industry that value‐added hydrogenation products are key for the development of industrial solvents and polymer precursors.…”

Section: Case Study B: Carboxylic Acid Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Substrates to Value‐Added Chemicals on Dual‐Function Catalysts: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Aqueous‐phase hydrodeoxygenation (APH) of bioderived feedstocks into useful chemical building blocks is one the most important processes for biomass conversion. However, several technological challenges, such as elevated reaction temperature (220–280 °C), high H2 pressure (4–10 MPa), uncontrollable side reactions, and intensive capital investment, have resulted in a bottleneck for the further development of existing APH processes. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) under much milder conditions with non‐fossil‐based H2 has attracted extensive interest as a result of several advantageous features, including high atom efficiency (≈100 %), low energy intensity, and green H2 obtained from renewable sources. Typically, CTH can be categorized as internal H2 transfer (sacrificing small amounts of feedstocks for H2 generation) and external H2 transfer from H2 donors (e.g., alcohols, formic acid). Although the last decade has witnessed a few successful applications of conventional APH technologies, CTH is still relatively new for biomass conversion. Very limited attempts have been made in both academia and industry. Understanding the fundamentals for precise control of catalyst structures is key for tunable dual functionality to combine simultaneous H2 generation and hydrogenation. Therefore, this Review focuses on the rational design of dual‐functionalized catalysts for synchronous H2 generation and hydrogenation of bio‐feedstocks into value‐added chemicals through CTH technologies. Most recent studies, published from 2015 to 2018, on the transformation of selected model compounds, including glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol, levulinic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, cresol, phenol, and guaiacol, are critically reviewed herein. The relationship between the nanostructures of heterogeneous catalysts and the catalytic activity and selectivity for C−O, C−H, C−C, and O−H bond cleavage are discussed to provide insights into future designs for the atom‐economical conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals.

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Section: Case Study B: Carboxylic Acid Conversionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Classification Of Cth Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study B: Carboxylic Acid Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Substrates to Value‐Added Chemicals on Dual‐Function Catalysts: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2018

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“…A variety of value‐added downstream products such as γ‐valerolactone (GVL), methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) and 1,4‐pentanediol (1,4‐PeDO) can be produced from levulinic acid (Scheme ) . Several metal‐based catalysts including Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Ni and Cu have shown promising performances for selective GVL synthesis from levulinic acid (Figure ) . GVL is gaining importance as a green solvent to replace the ones derived from petrochemicals.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Metal Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation and Oxidation of Cellulosic Biomass to Chemicals

Jin

Fang

Wang

et al. 2018

The Chemical Record

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Conversion of biomass to chemicals provides essential products to human society from renewable resources. In this context, achieving atom‐economical and energy‐efficient conversion with high selectivity towards target products remains a key challenge. Recent developments in nanostructured catalysts address this challenge reporting remarkable performances in shape and morphology dependent catalysis by metals on nano scale in energy and environmental applications. In this review, most recent advances in synthesis of heterogeneous nanomaterials, surface characterization and catalytic performances for hydrogenation and oxidation for biorenewables with plausible mechanism have been discussed. The perspectives obtained from this review paper will provide insights into rational design of active, selective and stable catalytic materials for sustainable production of value‐added chemicals from biomass resources.

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“…LevuA, which is a renowned product of furfuryl alcohol obtained through ring opening, possesses many fascinating prospective applications in the chemical industry, and can be obtained directly from xylose in one pot through a tandem reaction composed of xylose dehydration, furfural hydrogenation, and furfuryl alcohol ring opening (Scheme ). Zeolite Y, which was treated with a high‐concentration aqueous solution of NaOH (0.25 m ) led to the generation of strong acid sites, owing to the integration of Al(OH) 4 into zeolite framework, was found to be an efficient catalyst for the one‐pot conversion of xylose into LevuA in hot‐compressed water under a nitrogen atmosphere (1.5 MPa), giving rise to 30 % yield of LevuA with 84.3 % xylose conversion at 170 °C for 3 h .…”

Section: Catalytic Processes With Constant Carbon Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Sugars with Acidic Nanoporous Materials: Structural Role in Carbon‐Chain Length Variation

Saravanamurugan

et al. 2018

ChemSusChem

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Shifting from petroleum‐based resources to inedible biomass for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels is one of the significant aspects in sustainable chemistry for realizing the sustainable development of our society. Various renowned biobased platform molecules, such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and lactic acid, are successfully accessible from the transformation of biobased sugars. To achieve the specific reaction routes, heterogeneous nanoporous acidic materials have served as promising catalysts for the conversion of bio‐sugars in the past decade. This Review summarizes advances in various nanoporous acidic materials for bio‐sugar conversion, in which the number of carbon atoms is variable and controllable with the assistance of the switchable structure of nanoporous materials. The major focus of this Review is on possible reaction pathways/mechanisms and the relationships between catalyst structure and catalytic performance. Moreover, representative examples of catalytic upgrading of biobased platform molecules to biochemicals and fuels through selective C−C cleavage and coupling strategies over nanoporous acidic materials are also discussed.

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Conversion of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates into biofuels and high-value chemicals

Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive review of the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates into their derived biofuels and high-value chemicals, and includes the synthesis of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates from biomass derivates.

Cited by 206 publications

References 151 publications

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Substrates to Value‐Added Chemicals on Dual‐Function Catalysts: Opportunities and Challenges

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Substrates to Value‐Added Chemicals on Dual‐Function Catalysts: Opportunities and Challenges

Nanostructured Metal Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation and Oxidation of Cellulosic Biomass to Chemicals

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Sugars with Acidic Nanoporous Materials: Structural Role in Carbon‐Chain Length Variation

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