Conversion of orally induced suppression of the mucosal immune response to ovalbumin into stimulation by conjugating ovalbumin to cholera toxin or its B subunit

Stok, W.; Heijden, P.J. van der; Bianchi, A.T.J.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)90311-5

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To detect CT-B-specific Ab, a ganglioside M (GM)-1 ELISA was performed as described previously by Stok et al (1994). Briefly, high bind microplates (Corning) were coated with 2 g/ml GM-1 (Sigma) at 4 • C overnight.…”

Section: Ct-b Antibody Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

A lack of antibody formation against inactivated influenza virus after aerosol vaccination in presence or absence of adjuvantia

Geus

Haarlem

Poetri

et al. 2011

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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a b s t r a c tIn the poultry industry, infections with avian influenza virus (AIV) can result in significant economic losses. The risk and the size of an outbreak might be restricted by vaccination of poultry. A vaccine that would be used for rapid intervention during an outbreak should be safe to use, highly effective after a single administration and be suitable for mass application. A vaccine that could be applied by spray or aerosol would be suitable for mass application, but respiratory applied inactivated influenza is poorly immunogenic and needs to be adjuvanted. We chose aluminum OH, chitosan, cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B), and Stimune as adjuvant for an aerosolized vaccine with inactivated H9N2. Each adjuvant was tested in two doses. None of the adjuvanted vaccines induced AIV-specific antibodies after single vaccination, measured 1 and 3 weeks after vaccination by aerosol, in contrast to the intramuscularly applied vaccine. The aerosolized vaccine did enter the chickens' respiratory tract as CT-B-specific serum antibodies were detected after 1 week in chickens vaccinated with the CT-B-adjuvanted vaccine. Chickens showed no adverse effects after the aerosol vaccination based on weight gain and clinical signs. The failure to detect AIV-specific antibodies might be due to the concentration of the inactivated virus.

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Section: Ct-b Antibody Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

A lack of antibody formation against inactivated influenza virus after aerosol vaccination in presence or absence of adjuvantia

Geus

Haarlem

Poetri

et al. 2011

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…Oral tolerance may occur concomitantly with local sIgA production (12); or, both systemic and local inhibition of sIgA production may occur (13); or, the intestinal IgA response may be blocked even more effectively than systemic responses (14). Which type of immunological consequences will result from oral exposures to antigen is as yet unresolved.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interruption of recently induced immune responses by oral administration of antigen

Condé

Stransky

Faria

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Interest in oral tolerance has been renewed in the last few years as a possibility of intervention in human autoimmune diseases. An obstacle in this direction is that, although easily induced in animals virgin of contact with the antigen, oral tolerance becomes hard to induce in previously immunized animals. The present results show that there is an early period after primary immunization in which prolonged oral exposure to the antigen may arrest ongoing immune responses. Beyond this period, oral exposures to the antigen become ineffective and may actually boost immune responses. The end of the susceptible period coincides with the emergence of free specific antibodies in serum. However, the previous administration of purified anti-ovalbumin antibodies (40 µg) was unable to block the induction of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in normal mice.

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“…Oral tolerance may occur concomitantly with local sIgA production [57]; or, there may be systemic and local inhibition of sIgA production [58] or the intestinal IgA response may be blocked even more effectively than systemic responses [59]. Previous parenteral exposures to antigen interfere with subsequent mucosal IgA responses to the antigen -a phenomenon which is the mirror image of oral tolerance [60]; and concomitant oral/ parenteral exposures to antigen may block oral tolerance [61].…”

Section: Oral Tolerance After Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

et al. 1997

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Vaz NM, Faria AMC, Verdolin BA, Carvalho CR. Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance. Scand J Immunol 1997;46:225-229 Founding studies of cellular immunology emphasized that tolerance to allografts could only be achieved early in the embryonic or neonatal period, suggesting that the establishment of self-tolerance, a main event in the organization of the immune system, would necessarily take place in immature hosts. Contradicting these ideas, oral tolerance is a common, daily phenomenon, easily achieved by a physiological route in adult immunocompetent animals. Furthermore, there is solid evidence that, after the neonatal period, the susceptibility to oral tolerance induction also wanes and that it may be restored by adoptive transfer of cells from young hosts. These findings are briefly reviewed here to emphasize that immunological activity is a continuous and ongoing epigenesis extending throughout the entire life of the organism, far beyond the early phases of ontogenesis. Nelson M. Vaz, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, CP 486, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gevais 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil THE DOMINANT IMMUNOLOGICAL PARADIGMWe refer to the 'dominant immunological paradigm' [1] as a large interlaced set of terms and notions based on the concept of specific immunological recognition of foreign epitopes (immunity) and its complement, the notion of self-tolerance (self/nonself discrimination). The current version of the paradigm is based in different versions of the Clonal Selection Theory of Antibody Formation [2]. An alternative paradigm should be able to define, discuss and explain immunological activities and immunological phenomena without relying on the distinction between foreign and familiar materials (self/non-self discrimination) or on the notion of self-tolerance (self-ignorance). Up to this moment, we are not aware of such an alternative being fully formulated.In a previous essay [3], we pointed to a confusion of domains of description inherent to the current paradigm, which confounds the structural dynamics of the immune system (its physiology) with immunological phenomena (such as specific immune responses) which take place in the domain of interactions of the organism acting as a whole 1 . In the present essay, we use the same way of seeing to describe the set of phenomena currently described as 'oral tolerance'. We will show that these phenomena are not explained by the current paradigm and require alternative systemic notions to explain them. SELF-TOLERANCE AND IMMATURITYCreated in the early 1960s, the current immunological paradigm was heavily influenced by experimental findings on bovine twins' natural allogeneic chimeras [4], the rejection of allografts in mice [5,6] and chickens [7,8] and the adoptive transfer of immunological competence by lymphocytes [9][10][11][12]. The Clonal Selection Theory hinged around the notions of self/non-self discrimination (self-tolerance) already emphasized in a previous book by Burnet & Fenner [13], exp...

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Conversion of orally induced suppression of the mucosal immune response to ovalbumin into stimulation by conjugating ovalbumin to cholera toxin or its B subunit

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

A lack of antibody formation against inactivated influenza virus after aerosol vaccination in presence or absence of adjuvantia

A lack of antibody formation against inactivated influenza virus after aerosol vaccination in presence or absence of adjuvantia

Interruption of recently induced immune responses by oral administration of antigen

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

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