Conversion of starch into ethanol by Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum

Parkkinen, Elke

doi:10.1007/bf00253651

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Lactic acid production by C. thermohydrosulfuricum increases at the expense of ethanol production when the initial concentration of glucose or starch is increased (Parkkinen, 1986; unpublished observations cited by Germain et al, 1986). So far, however, we have found yields of lactic acid to approach the theoretical maximum only in certain fermentations with sucrose as carbon source.…”

Section: T U R U N E N a N D Others Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The use of phosphate may have contributed to the low degree of activation observed by these authors, because at 65 "C 0-1 M-phosphate inhibited LDHL, activated LDHE and decreased the response of both enzymes to FBP (see Results). The ability of phosphate to inhibit LDHL and to mimic the activation of LDHE by FBP is interesting, because high yields of lactic acid are never obtained in fermentations of sucrose in media containing 0.1 M-phosphate (Parkkinen & Turunen, 1986). Which isoenzyme is present in these cells and the intracellular concentration of phosphate are not known.…”

Section: T U R U N E N a N D Others Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, after growth on 3 % (w/v) sucrose this ratio varied between 10 : 0-5 : 0.5 and 0.1 : 10 : 0.1 (data not shown). The causes of this variability during sucrose fermentations are still unclear, though some factors have been identified (Parkkinen & Turunen, 1986). Extensive lactic acid production was followed by significant cell lysis.…”

Section: Fermentations and Enzymes Involved In Pyruvate Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose, sucrose, L-lactic acid and acetic acid were determined enzymically with Boehringer Test Combination kits after centrifugation of the media at lOOOOg for 10 min. Starch and ethanol were determined as described by Parkkinen (1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distinct Forms of Lactate Dehydrogenase Purified from Ethanol- and Lactate-producing Cells of Clostridum thermohydrosulfuricum

Turunen¹,

Parkkinen²,

Londesborough³

et al. 1987

Microbiology

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Thermostable lactate dehydrogenases (EC 1 . 1 . 1 .27) were purified to homogeneity from Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum cells grown on starch and producing mainly ethanol (LDH,) and from cells grown on sucrose and producing mainly lactic acid (LDHJ, and were found to be distinct isoenzymes. The two enzymes both had native M, values close to 145 x lo3, but slightly different subunits with M , values about 37 x lo3. LDHL dissociated into subunits more readily. The isoelectric points were 5.0 for LDHL and 5-2 for LDHE. The catalytic activity of LDHE had an almost absolute requirement for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) at all temperatures (22-fold activation with K I l 2 12 p~-F B P at 65 "C, pH 6.0). LDHL was activated by FBP only at temperatures over 40 "C (5-fold activation with K,12 80 ~M -F B P at 65 "C, pH 6.0). For both enzymes the optimum temperature for pyruvate reduction in the presence of 1 mM-FBP was 70 "C and the pH optimum at 65 "C was sharp and at 5-5-6-0. FBP lowered the apparent K , of LDHL for pyruvate. At 50 p~-F B P both enzymes showed a positive co-operative dependence on NADH.

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Section: T U R U N E N a N D Others Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: T U R U N E N a N D Others Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fermentations and Enzymes Involved In Pyruvate Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Forms of Lactate Dehydrogenase Purified from Ethanol- and Lactate-producing Cells of Clostridum thermohydrosulfuricum

Turunen¹,

Parkkinen²,

Londesborough³

et al. 1987

Microbiology

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“…This is the case for various T. ethanolicus strains growing on xylose (20) or starch (6, 26a). It is also the case for various other combinations of thermophiles and substrates (4,9,33). Such results have been variously attributed to mass action effects of products, substrate inhibition, levels of enzyme activities, and intracellular concentrations of fructose-1,6diphosphate.…”

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confidence: 91%

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus Growth and Product Yield from Elevated Levels of Xylose or Glucose in Continuous Cultures

Lacis

Lawford

1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The performance of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus was evaluated in continuous culture with media containing concentrations of xylose (8 to 20 g/liter) greater than those previously reported. The ethanol yield declined from to 0.42 to 0.29 g of ethanol per g of xylose consumed when input xylose was increased from 4 to 20 g/liter. Yields of both total C2 and C3 products from consumed xylose and of cell biomass from ATP produced declined as the input xylose concentration was increased, which was not the case when glucose was the substrate. This suggested that yeast extract functioned as a significant energy and carbon source for cells in fermentations of xylose but not of glucose. The feasibility of this interpretation was confirmed by (i) the calculation of the products theoreticaly obtainable from yeast extract and (ii) the observation of significant quantities of fermentation products in inoculated sugar-free media. Markedly different patterns of metabolism for the two sugar substrates were also evidenced by the cell yield for glucose being twice that of xylose at elevated sugar concentrations. It was noted that caution must be exerted when results obtained at low xylose concentrations are extrapolated to predict those which can be obtained at higher concentrations.

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Thermoanaerobacter

Onyenwoke

Wiegel

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Ther.mo.an.ae.ro.bac'ter. Gr. adj. thermos hot; Gr. pref. an not; Gr. n. aer air; M.L. bacter masc. equivalent of Gr. neut. dim. n. bakterion rod staff; N.L. masc. n. Thermoanaerobacter rod which grows in the absence of air at elevated temperatures. Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Thermoanaerobacterales / Thermoanaerobacteraceae / Thermoanaerobacter All species are obligately anaerobic thermophiles and have a Gram‐positive cell wall , i.e., although the Gram‐stain reaction varies among the individual species and even within strains from the same species, they have a Gram‐positive cell‐wall structure. Most species exhibit a sluggish motility and a peritrichous arrangement of 2–6 flagella (retarded peritrichous flagellation). Cells are rod shaped and occur in various arrangements that vary by species. Many of the Thermoanaerobacter species form pleomorphic cells during the late exponential and stationary growth phases assembling through nonsymmetric cell division chains of alternating rod‐shaped and coccoid cells. Other types of pleomorphic rods are formed, presumably through weakening of the cell wall by lysozyme‐like enzymes that are the remnants of the sporulation process ( Figure 1). Growth temperature optima range from 55–75 °C, with growth ranges of 35–78 ° C and a temperature span over 35 ° C . The pH for growth ranges from pH 25C 4 . 0–9 . 9 , with a pH optimum of 5.8–8.5. Several species also exhibit a wide pH optimum of about 3 units without a sharp peak. All species are able to grow organoheterotrophically using various fermentation pathways including the homoacetogenic or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, or using inorganic electron acceptors (e.g., Thermoanaerobacter sulfuriphilus using S 0 as an electron acceptor and lactate as an electron donor and carbon source). Some Thermoanaerobacter strains are also able to grow chemolithoheterotrophically by coupling H 2 oxidation to growth (Fardeau et al., 1994). Furthermore, others are facultative chemolithoautotrophs , growing with H 2 + CO 2 (such as Thermoanaerobacter kivui ) or Fe(III) + H 2 + CO 2 (such as Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus ). Generally, typical fermentation products from hexoses are ethanol, acetate, lactate, H 2 , and CO 2 . DNA G + C content ( mol %): 30–39. Type species : Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus Wiegel and Ljungdahl 1982, 384 VP (Effective publication: Wiegel and Ljungdahl 1981, 348.).

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Conversion of starch into ethanol by Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Distinct Forms of Lactate Dehydrogenase Purified from Ethanol- and Lactate-producing Cells of Clostridum thermohydrosulfuricum

Distinct Forms of Lactate Dehydrogenase Purified from Ethanol- and Lactate-producing Cells of Clostridum thermohydrosulfuricum

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus Growth and Product Yield from Elevated Levels of Xylose or Glucose in Continuous Cultures

Thermoanaerobacter

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