Convivendo Com Uma Ostomia: Conhecendo Para Melhor Cuidar

Abstract

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo que objetiva identificar as alterações causadas por uma ostomia no viver de seus portadores. Foram realizadas entrevistas com oito ostomizados de uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul. A resolução 196/96 foi seguida. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Verificamos que estes pacientes têm sua perspectiva de vida alterada, precisam adaptar-se ao uso de equipamentos, sentem medo da nova situação, têm sua imagem corporal desfeita, sua auto-estima diminuída e sua sexualidade comprometida, perdem o controle sobre o corpo e sentem-se estigmatizados. Algumas pessoas afastam-se do seu convívio enquanto outras se fazem mais presentes como forma de apoio. Verificamos que são complexas as alterações causadas pela ostomização e que a compreensão destas pelo enfermeiro tornam-se importantes no sentido de propiciar o planejamento de um cuidado mais efetivo, humano e de qualidade.Living with an ostomy: knowing for better caringAbstractThis is a descriptive study aiming to identify the changes caused by ostomy in ostomates’ daily lives. Complying with 196/96 resolution, eight ostomates were interviewed in a city in Rio Grande do Sul State/Brazil. Data were analyzed by the technique of Content Analysis. It was verified that these patients’ life perspective has changed. They need to adapt to the use of the equipment, so they fear the new situation. They have their self-image disrupted, their self-esteem diminished and their sexuality hindered; they lose control over their body and they feel stigmatized. Some people from their relations turn their back to them while others stand by them even more than they used to. It was evidenced that changes caused by ostomy are very complex, and it is important for nurses to understand them in order to provide a more effective, humanized and qualified care planning.

Feelings and expectations of permanent colostomy patients

“…The implantation of a ostomy provokes diverse alterations in the lives of the ostomized, related to the gastro-intestinal physiology, the corporal image and the self-esteem, which end up influencing and conditioning the affective, family and labor life of these individuals, as already evidenced also by other studies [2,4,5,12,13] .…”

“…The resolution of the difficulties found by the ostomized is related to the internal disposition of the actual ostomized, the support of his family, of the health professionals and the structure of the attendance offered [4] . The users with definitive ostomy feel the need to adjust to it, and, after some time passed, start to believe that this is possible, mobilize themselves to conduct the self-care and seem motivated to overcome the difficulties related to the ostomy and reconstruct their lives based on this new condition [5] .…”

“…The dialogue doesn't make the difficulties go away, but it does help the patient evolve principle of coping with their new reality [6] . In face of the countless limitations experienced by the ostomized, family support and professional medical support become fundamentally necessary, essential for the acceptance of the ostomy, a faster and more efficient rehabilitation and a good adaptation of the person to his/her new condition [2,4,5] .…”

“…The characteristics and severity of these psychosocial responses vary from person to person [2,3] . Several studies point out that support from both professional health care and family or lay caregivers enhances recovery following stoma surgery and adaptation to the new life situation resulting from a new ostomy [2,4,5] .…”

Stomas changing lives: facing the illness to survive

“…Depois do choque inicial da construção do estoma, é possível visualizar no sujeito momentos de depressão e tristeza, quase sempre ocasionados pela perda do prazer em realizar atividades que antes eram valorizadas. 28 O estilo de vida da pessoa estomizada sofre modificações de acordo com a alteração da anatomia e da função fisiológica, impondo seus limites e delimitando sua capacidade.…”