Cooling effects and evaporation characteristics of fogging systems in an experimental piggery

Haeussermann, Angelika; Hartung, Eberhard; Jungbluth, Thomas; Vranken, Erik; Aerts, Jean‐Marie; Berckmans, Daniël

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.03.019

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this study, the formula proposed by the NWSCR (1976) was chosen referring to studies in sows that were performed under comparable environmental conditions (Haeussermann et al, 2007). Although the effects of the temperature in comparison to the THI on the various reproductive parameters studied here differed only slightly and the importance of the relative humidity under Central European conditions is lower than for subtropical and tropical conditions, the use of the THI is recommended whenever the thermal environment is evaluated.…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic effects on sow fertility and piglet survival under influence of a moderate climate

Wegner

Lambertz

Daş

et al. 2014

Animal

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Although the climate in Germany is moderate, heat stress conditions may occur during summer months. However, it is unknown to what extent sow fertility and piglet survival are affected under moderate climatic conditions in indoor systems. Therefore, this study estimated effects of temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) on sow fertility and piglet survival under practical husbandry conditions. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded in six piglet-producing farms in Lower Saxony, Germany, from July 2011 to August 2012. Based on that, the THI was calculated. In one farrowing, waiting and servicing unit of each farm two data loggers were installed. Reproductive parameters of 8279 successful inseminations and 10 369 litters including total number of piglets born, liveborn, stillborn and weaned piglets as well as pre-weaning mortality were evaluated. The effects of temperature and THI on reproductive parameters were estimated for varying periods after breeding and before and after farrowing, respectively. Average daily temperature across all units ranged from 15.6°C to 29.0°C, and average THI from 62.4 to 75.1. Season and parity significantly affected total number of piglets born, number of liveborn, stillborn and weaned piglets ( P < 0.001). The number of piglets born increased with rising temperature and THI in the 1 st week post breeding. Higher temperatures and THI values before farrowing resulted in a reduced number of liveborn piglets. Elevated temperature and THI values after farrowing were associated with a greater number of weaned piglets. The pre-weaning mortality significantly decreased with increasing temperature and THI values after farrowing ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, temperature and THI affected the reproductive performance of the sows and the survival of the piglets in different ways. While increased climatic values at the time of breeding positively affected the total number of piglets born, increased values at the time of farrowing had negative impacts on the reproductive performance of the sows. Piglets benefited from higher temperature and THI values after farrowing.

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Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic effects on sow fertility and piglet survival under influence of a moderate climate

Wegner

Lambertz

Daş

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…According to Haeussermann et al (2007), evaporative coolers are efficient to relieve heat stress in swine. However, the effect of increasing RH by evaporative cooling in closed facilities is still controversial.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under heat stress, the production efficiency, reproduction, feed conversion, health and welfare of pigs can be severely affected. Physiological and behavioral responses and thus swine production in tropical conditions can be favored by adopting evaporative cooling, as water evaporation to the atmosphere is usually an effective solution to alleviate heat stress (Haeussermann et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geostatistics applied to swine facilities equipped with evaporative cooling system

Abreu

Costa

Feddern

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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A B S T R A C TThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial variation of temperature, relative humidity and black globe humidity temperature (BGHT) index in growing-finishing swine facilities, with and without evaporative air cooler. The experiment was conducted in a 60 x 9 m facility containing 32 pens of 3.20 x 4.00 m each, divided into two sectors. The treatments were without evaporative air cooler (control) and with evaporative air cooler. Temperature and relative humidity data were collected weekly in two periods (morning and afternoon) at 32 different sampling points, encompassing the center of each pen and the outer perimeter of the facility. Animal performance variables were: feed intake, feed conversion, weight out of the nursery, slaughter weight, weight gain and daily weight gain. According to the results, the analyzed variables showed spatial dependence, with lower temperature and higher relative humidity in the evaporative air cooler environment. However, evaporative air cooler system provided better environment thermal conditions inside the facilities, lowering BGHT values, which were lower in the adiabatic cooling sector. Although thermal conditions were better in the air cooler environment, swine performance was not affected.Geoestatística aplicada às instalações suínas equipadas com sistema de resfriamento evaporativo R E S U M O Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a variação espacial da temperatura, umidade relativa e índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade (ITGU) em instalações de suínos na fase de crescimento e terminação, com e sem resfriador de ar evaporativo. O experimento foi conduzido em uma edificação de 60 x 9 m, contendo 32 baias de 3,20 x 4,00 m cada uma, divididos em dois setores. Os tratamentos foram sem resfriador de ar evaporativo (controle) e com resfriador de ar evaporativo sendo os dados de temperatura e umidade relativa coletados semanalmente em dois períodos (manhã e tarde) em 32 pontos de amostragem diferentes abrangendo o centro de cada baia e o perímetro exterior das instalações. As variáveis de desempenho dos animais foram: consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso ao sair da creche, peso ao abate, ganho de peso e ganho de peso diário. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis analisadas apresentaram dependência espacial com temperatura mais baixa e umidade do ar mais alta no setor com resfriador evaporativo. Desta forma, o resfriamento evaporativo melhorou as condições térmicas ambientais no interior da instalação, reduzindo os valores do ITGU, os quais foram menores no setor de resfriamento adiabático. Embora o conforto térmico do ambiente com resfriamento evaporativo tenha sido melhor, os suínos não responderam a esta melhoria, em termos de desempenho. Key words:animal welfare spatial analyses environment conditions semivariogram Palavras-chave: bem estar animal análise espacial condições do ambiente semivariograma

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“…Average indoor relative humidity was in the optimum range recommended by Seedorf et al (1998) and Haeussermann et al (2007).…”

Section: S88mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Water evaporation cause air-cooling in the building but at the same time, it causes an increase in humidity. This is usually acceptable in regions with hot-dry climates but in wet regions, in order to limit the adverse effects on indoor humidity, special attention must be paid to the accurate control of fogging and ventilation (Haeussermann et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of evaporative cooling on climatic parameters in a stable for sows

Botto¹,

Lendelová²,

Strmeňová³

et al. 2014

Res. Agric. Eng.

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Botto Ľ., Lendelová J., Strmeňová A., Reichstädterová T., 2014. The effect of evaporative cooling on climatic parameters in a stable for sows. Res. Agr. Eng., 60 (Special Issue): S85-S91.The aim of this study was to find out the effect of indirect evaporative cooling on microclimatic parameters in a stable for sows. A high-pressure system was used for cooling, the nozzles sprayed water into the outside air before its entering into the building. Temperature-humidity index during cooling was higher by 0.9 than in the section without cooling (P < 0.001). Due to low indoor air flow velocity (below 0.18 m/s), a change in apparent temperature by the Comprehensive Climate Index (CCI) was only 1.94°C. It would be possible to provide markedly better cooling effectiveness by increasing the air velocity up to 2 m/s, which may improve the CCI by 19.8% and thus to achieve better environmental conditions for housed sows. The efficiency of evaluated evaporative cooling system was moderate because the nozzles were placed outdoors and only part of humidified and cooled air was drawn into the building through inlet openings, and also because the indoor air-flow velocity was low.Keywords: cooling system; water evaporation; summer period; pigs Current modern types of pigs are demanding as to conditions of stable environment. Pigs are relatively sensitive to high environmental temperatures when compared to other species of farm animals. A lot of research has been done on the factors affecting heat production in pigs (Brown-Brandl et al. 2001). Air temperature as cardinal environmental factor is influenced by relative humidity and air flow velocity. Optimum parameters of temperatures, relative humidity and air velocity for pigs in Slovakia were presented by Botto et al. (1995). Recommended optimum of the air temperature for pregnant sows is 12-20°C at relative humidity 50-75%. Max. air flow velocity at optimum temperature is 0.3 m/s and at temperature higher than optimum it is 2.0 m/s.Heat waves during summer cause large losses in productivity in animal husbandry. Sows are exposed to heat stress when temperature exceeds the upper critical temperature of the thermoneutral zone of the sow (Black et al. 1993). Thermoneutral zone is the range of environmental temperatures within which the metabolic rate is minimum and independent of temperature. The temperatures that bound this zone are known as upper and lower critical temperatures (Webster 1991). Above the upper critical temperature of this zone the animal will reduce both production and reproduction to control body temperature. Sows begin to feel the negative effects of heat stress at a temperature of 20°C, and temperatures of 26°C and higher are

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Cooling effects and evaporation characteristics of fogging systems in an experimental piggery

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Climatic effects on sow fertility and piglet survival under influence of a moderate climate

Climatic effects on sow fertility and piglet survival under influence of a moderate climate

Geostatistics applied to swine facilities equipped with evaporative cooling system

The effect of evaporative cooling on climatic parameters in a stable for sows

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