“…A passive molten salt fast reactor (PMFR) designed as a natural circulation system without any pumps was suggested (Lim et al, 2021). The integral molten salt reactor (IMSR) and molten chloride fast reactor (MCFR) were developed at Terrestrial Energy (Choe et al, 2018;Kovacic and Scott, 2020;Mausolff et al, 2021). The construction of the experimental thorium-based molten salt reactor (TMSR) in Wuwei, China, has been completed, and the trial run is being carried out (Mallapaty, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021).…”