COORDINATION BETWEEN TSOs AND DSOs: FLEXIBILITY DOMAIN IDENTIFICATION

Multi-Period Hybrid AC/DC-OPF Model for Flexibility Market Clearing With Seamless TSO-DSO Coordination

“…Currently, a number of researchers are investigating the application of OPF algorithms for power market design and modelling. For example, the paper [13] compares commonly used OPF formulations based on the IEEE 33-bus test radial distribution system. The publication shows that several methods and algorithms can be applied for power flow calculation, each having its unique properties, certain advantages, and disadvantages.…”

“…The publication shows that several methods and algorithms can be applied for power flow calculation, each having its unique properties, certain advantages, and disadvantages. When deciding upon which OPF technique to use, it is vital to have these different properties in mind depending on the system's characteristics one wants to solve [13]. It should be mentioned that most of the existing publications consider OPF modelling in transmission and distribution grids separately [14].…”