Copepods associated with polychaete worms in European seas

Abstract

Descriptions are given of 18 species of copepods that live in symbiotic association with polychaete worms in European Seas. Three new genera and six new species of the family Clausiidae Giesbrecht, 1895 are described: Boreoclausia rectan. gen. et n. sp. is described from Galathowenia fragilis (Nilson & Holthe, 1985), Boreoclausia holmesi n. gen. et n. sp.is described from Myriochele danielsseni Hansen, 1879, Sheaderia bifida n. gen. et n. sp. from Euclymene oerstedii (Cla­parède, 1863), Vivgottoia garwoodi n. gen. et n. sp., was found inside the tail fragment of a terebellid host (probably Phisidia aurea Southward, 1956), Rhodinicola tenuis n. sp. from an unknown host, and R. similis n. sp., from Rhodine gracilor (Tauber, 1879). In addition, four other clausiid species, Clausia lubbockii Claparède, 1863, Mesnilia cluthae (T. and A.Scott, 1896), Rhodinicola gibbosus Bresciani, 1964 and R. rugosum (Giesbrecht, 1895), are redescribed in detail on the basis of newly collected material. The previously-unknown hosts of C. lubbockii were found to be species of the spionid polychaete genus Dipolydora Verrill, 1881. Clausia uniseta Bocquet & Stock, 1960 were recognized as a junior subjective synonym of C. lubbockii, and Mesnilia martinensis Canu, 1898 was recognized as a junior subjective synonym of M. cluthae. The sole species of the monotypic family Anomoclausiidae Gotto, 1964, Anomoclausia indrehusae Gotto, 1964, is redescribed based on new material. The host of A. indrehusae, reported here for the first time, is the spionid Pseu­dopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937). Four new species of the family Nereicolidae Claus, 1875 are described, three belonging to the genus Anomopsyllus Sars, 1921: Anomopsyllus bifurcus n. sp. from Notomastus latericeus M. Sars, 1851, A. geminus n. sp. from Ampharete lindstroemi Malmgren, 1867, and A. hamiltonae n. sp., from Mugga wahrbergi Elias­son, 1955. The fourth new species is Vectoriella gabesensis n. sp., both sexes of which are described from the paraonid Aricidea catherinae Laubier, 1967 collected in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tunisia. Another nereicolid, Si­gecheres brittae Bresciani, 1964 is redescribed based on new material collected from the type host Sige fusigera Malmgren, 1865. It is recognized as a junior subjective synonym of Nereicola concinna T. Scott, 1902 and the valid name of this taxon becomes Sigecheres concinna (T. Scott, 1902) new combination. A new species of the family Spiophanicol­idae Ho, 1984, Spiophanicola atlanticus n. sp., is described based on European material. Previously European material of Spiophanicola Ho, 1984 has been reported as S. spinulosus Ho, 1984, but based on consistent differences between the Cal­ifornian S. spinulosus and material from Norway and the British Isles, there is sufficient justification to establish a new species for the European material. Finally one new genus and species is described which cannot be placed, with confi­dence, in any existing family. This new parasite, Notomasticola frondosus n. gen. et n. sp., is based on material from two hosts, a spionid (Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata) and a capitellid (Notomastus latericeus). It is highly derived and may represent a terminal branch within an existing family. The cluster of families using polychaetes as hosts is in need of re­vision based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis.

Six new species of Copepoda (Clausiidae, Pseudanthessiidae, Polyankyliidae) associated with polychaetes from Korea

“…(1.49 mm long in the female) is significantly smaller than that of C. lubbocki which was measured by Bocquet and Stock (1960) to be 2.25 mm and 2.4 mm (the latter as C. uniseta) or by Kim et al (2013) to be 2.04 mm. Other minor morphological differences between the two species are noticed in the setation of the antennule, the form of the labrum and the distal segment of the maxilla, and the egg arrangement (uniserial in C. clindrata vs. biserial in C. lubbocki).…”

“…The two-segmented abdomen of I. bipartita n. sp. is noticeable, because in the Clausiidae this feature is shared only with Sheaderia bifida Kim, Sikorski, O'Reilly and Boxshall, 2013. However, Sheaderia bifida is not related to the new species; this species from British waters has, unlike I. bipartita, a 5-segmented antennule, the 4-segmented antenna and female maxilliped, only a single distal spiniform element on the mandible, and no leg 3.…”

“…Kim et al (2013) synonymized Clausia uniseta Bocquet and Stock, 1960 with the type species C. lubbockii Claparède, 1863. Therefore, the genus comprised only a single species (Kim et al, 2013). Major differences between C. parva n. sp.…”

“…This form of maxilla has not been reported in the Clausiidae and its related families. In the Clausiidae the key limbs for securing attachment to the host are the maxillae and/or maxillipeds, at least in females (Kim et al, 2013). In Maxilliclausia n. gen. the maxilla is transformed to function as an authentic attachment organ.…”

“…Remarks. Currently, genera of the Clausiidae are defined mainly by the leg morphology (Kim et al, 2013). With the reduced legs 3 and 4 which are represented by a seti-ferous lobe, the new species belongs to Indoclausia Sebastian and Pillai, 1974 which has comprised a single known species, I. bacescui Sebastian and Pillai, 1974.…”