“…In a study on head and neck cancer, Kugaya, Akechi, Okamura, Mikami & Uchitomi (1999) used the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale to evaluate the coping strategies adopted by patients, and showed that a depressed mood was associated with the helplessness/hopelessness strategy (Grassi, Rosti, Lasalvia & Marangolo, 1993). Elani & Allison (2011), in a longitudinal study on head and neck cancer, compared patients according to their combined levels of anxiety and depression, to evaluate whether patients with low levels of psychological distress adopted different styles of coping. They found that higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with "blamed self", "wishful thinking" and "avoidance" coping strategies.…”