Coping with cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in allergy diagnosis

Altmann, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/s15007-016-1104-z

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Studies in people report the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE to vary from 18% to 71% in allergic patients. 1,4,12,13 The consensus among physician allergists is that anti-CCD IgE antibodies are not biologically active; in other words, they do not influence clinical symptoms. 5,7 The proposed mechanism for the absence of biological activity in IgE associated with these glycoproteins is based on the monovalent nature of the CCD structure, making it incapable of cross-linking IgE bound to mast cells.…”

Section: Healthy Ccd +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7 The proposed mechanism for the absence of biological activity in IgE associated with these glycoproteins is based on the monovalent nature of the CCD structure, making it incapable of cross-linking IgE bound to mast cells. 1,3,14 This fact not only limits biological activity, but would also yield a negative intradermal test result. However, the IgE is fully able to bind to monovalent CCD in a serological assay, resulting in a positive, yet probably irrelevant, result.…”

Section: Healthy Ccd +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These structures are known as cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD). [1][2][3] In people, CCDs have been identified as a source of cross-reactivity in IgE serological tests, leading to positive test reactions that are not related to clinical signs. [4][5][6][7] In the veterinary literature, there are three studies evaluating anti-CCD IgE in atopic dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Piccione

DeBoer

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding carbohydrate structures common to plant and insect species. In people, anti-CCD IgE is thought to be clinically irrelevant, but to have the potential to confound serological IgE test interpretations. Previous studies reported the detection of anti-CCD IgE in 24-73% of atopic dog sera; prevalence in healthy dogs has not been reported.Objective -To compare the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE in a group of healthy and atopic dogs.Animals -Sera from 61 healthy dogs and 101 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were analyzed for IgE against CCD.Methods and materials -Sera were analyzed for the presence of anti-CCD IgE and IgE against environmental allergens using a commercial multiplex allergen-specific IgE assay.Results -Anti-CCD IgE was detected in 17 of 101 (16.8%) atopic dog sera and eight of 61 (13.1%) healthy dog sera (P = 0.65, Fisher's exact test). All healthy and atopic dogs with anti-CCD IgE had strong reactivity to grass pollens.Conclusions and clinical importance -A similar prevalence of anti-CCD IgE was found in healthy and atopic dogs. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical significance of anti-CCD IgE antibodies in dogs, how they are best detected and if blocking these antibodies during diagnostic testing has clinical value.

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Section: Healthy Ccd +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Healthy Ccd +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Piccione

DeBoer

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…The sugar components of insect and plant glycoproteins known as CCDs are central to IgE carbohydrate cross‐reactivity . N‐linked glycans containing core α‐1,3‐fucose and β‐1,2‐linked core xylose are the most characterized motifs related to this cross‐reactivity .…”

Section: Helminths and Allergy‐related Outcomes: Immune Mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and allergy: Observations from Africa

Mpairwe

Amoah

2018

Parasite Immunology

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Population studies from the African continent have observed a marked increase in the prevalence of allergy-related diseases over the past few decades, but the cause of this rise is not fully understood. The most investigated potential risk factor has been the relationship between exposure to helminths and allergy-related outcomes. Immunologically, parallels exist between responses to helminths and to allergens as both are associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E, increased numbers of T helper 2 cells and other immune cells. However, epidemiological studies from the African continent have found inconsistent results. In this review, observations from population studies carried out in Africa over the last decade that focus on the relationship between helminth infections and allergy-related outcomes are examined. How these findings advance our understanding of the complex interactions between helminths and allergies at the population level is also explored as well as some of the underlying immune mechanisms involved. This knowledge is important for better diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergy-related diseases and has wider global significance.

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“…Other potential contributors to the false positives seen in IgE tests are cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). 59 These carbohydrates are present on glycoproteins, mainly in plants, and bind to IgE, which are independent from peptide epitopes in allergens that contain binding sites specific to IgE. 60 Studies have shown that CCDs contribute to the false-positive IgE reactivity to peanut.…”

Section: Ige Cross-reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree nut allergies: Allergen homology, cross‐reactivity, and implications for therapy

Smeekens

Bagley

Kulis

2018

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Tree nut allergy is a potentially life-threatening disease that is increasing in prevalence, now affecting 1% of the general population in the United States. While other food allergies often resolve spontaneously, tree nut allergies are outgrown in less than 10% of cases. Due to the likelihood of cross-sensitization to multiple tree nut allergens, the current treatment guideline is strict avoidance of all nuts once one tree nut allergy has been diagnosed. For example, walnut and pecan are highly cross-reactive, along with cashew and pistachio, but the extent of clinical, IgE-mediated cross-reactivity among other tree nuts remains unclear, therefore making avoidance of all tree nuts a safe approach. There have been recent advances in immunotherapy for food allergies. For instance, there are investigational immunotherapies for milk, egg and peanut allergies, specifically oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy. However, there are no large randomized controlled clinical trials for tree nut allergies. Even though there has been less research into tree nut allergy immunotherapies, the evidence of T-cell cross-reactivity among tree nuts exists in animal models and in T cells from allergic patients indicates that immunotherapeutic interventions may be possible. Here, we review the literature regarding epidemiology, allergen homology and cross-reactivity among tree nuts, and explore how current findings can be employed for effective therapy.

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Coping with cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in allergy diagnosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Parasites and allergy: Observations from Africa

Tree nut allergies: Allergen homology, cross‐reactivity, and implications for therapy

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