Copolymerization of styrene and 1-hexene with a TiCl4-Al(C6H13)3 · Mg(C6H13)2 catalytic system

Vasilenko, Irina V.; Kostjuk, Sergei V.; Gaponik, L. V.; Капуцкий, Ф. Н.

doi:10.1134/s0965545x07040050

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It should be noted here that to our knowledge, this is the first example of a rare‐earth‐mediated copolymerization of styrene and hexene, although rare‐earth‐mediated styrene/ethylene statistical copolymerization have been reported,7 with irreversible chain transfer to silane notably 25. The amount of hexene inserted in the copolymer is calculated using the 1 H NMR spectra, from the ratio of the aromatic area (polystyrene units) and the aliphatic area (polystyrene and polyhexene units) 10. Both homopolymer sequences are atactic (PS, from the carbon ipso at 145–146 ppm and PH from the carbon 3S at 134 ppm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A zoom in the aromatic region is presented in Figure 2, where new signals can be observed corresponding to styrene–hexene junctions in the copolymers (♦). It should be noted that such signals are usually scarcely observable on the NMR spectra 10. A long range 1 H‐ 13 C HMBC correlation is presented in Figure 3, where it can be seen that the polystyrene backbone protons 1S correlate with the polyhexene backbone carbon 1H (signal in the circle).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The DEPT NMR spectra of Entry 5 is presented in Figure 1. The signals were assigned based on the DEPT spectra features, HMQC spectra and literature data 10. Signals resulting from both polystyrene and polyhexene sequences can be seen in the aliphatic region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterogeneization of the Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 catalyst also yields styrene/hexene copolymers, with lower conversions and higher styrene content than the homogeneous system 8. A TiCl 4 /Al(C 6 H 13 ) 3 · Mg(C 6 H 13 ) 2 was also reported to yield styrene‐hexene statistical copolymers containing from 15 to 65% styrene 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction of an inducible cell‐communication system that amplifies Salmonella gene expression in tumor tissue

Dai

Toley

Swofford

et al. 2013

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Bacterial therapies have the potential to overcome resistances that cause chemotherapies to fail. When using bacteria to produce anticancer agents in tumors, triggering gene expression is necessary to prevent systemic toxicity. The use of chemical triggers, however, is hampered by poor delivery of inducing molecules, which reduces the number of activated bacteria. To solve this problem, we created a cell-communication system that enables activated bacteria to induce inactive neighbors. We hypothesized that introducing cell communication into Salmonella would improve direct triggering strategies by increasing protein production, increasing sensitivity to inducer molecules, and enabling expression in tumor tissue. To test these hypotheses we integrated the PBAD promoter into the quorum-sensing machinery from Vibrio fischeri. The expression of a fluorescent reporter gene was compared to expression from non-communicating controls. Function in three-dimensional tissue was tested in a tumor-on-a-chip device. Bacterial communication increased fluorescence 40-fold and increased sensitivity to inducer molecules more than 10,000-fold. The system enabled bacteria to activate neighbors and increased the time-scale of protein production. Gene expression was controllable and tightly regulated. At the optimal inducing signal, communicating bacteria produced 350 times more protein than non-communicating bacteria. The cell-communication system created in this study has uses beyond cancer therapy, including protein manufacturing, bioremediation and biosensing. It would enable amplified induction of gene expression in any environment that limits availability of inducer molecules. Ultimately, because inducible cellular communication enables gene expression in tissue, it will be a critical component of bacterial anticancer therapies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Construction of an inducible cell‐communication system that amplifies Salmonella gene expression in tumor tissue

Dai

Toley

Swofford

et al. 2013

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Half‐lanthanocene/dialkylmagnesium‐mediated coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of styrene and hexene

Valente

Zinck

Mortreux

et al. 2011

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The Cp*La(BH4)2(THF)2/n‐butylethylmagnesium (BEM) catalytic system has been assessed for the coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of styrene and 1‐hexene. Poly(styrene‐co‐hexene) statistical copolymers were obtained with number‐average molecular weight up to 7600 g/mol, PDI around 1.4 and 1.5 and up to 23% hexene content. The occurence of chain transfer reactions in the presence of excess BEM is established in the course of the statistical copolymerization. Thanks to this transfer process, the quantity of 1‐hexene in the copolymer is increased by a factor of about 3 for high ratio of hexene in the feed, extending the range of our concept of a chain transfer induced control of the composition of statistical copolymers to poly(styrene‐co‐hexene) copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011

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Nano polymerization catalysts: Further insights into nanoparticle-facilitated polymerization of olefins

Roux

Reenen²,

Malgas-Enus³

2022

Applied Catalysis A: General

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Copolymerization of styrene and 1-hexene with a TiCl4-Al(C6H13)3 · Mg(C6H13)2 catalytic system

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Construction of an inducible cell‐communication system that amplifies Salmonella gene expression in tumor tissue

Construction of an inducible cell‐communication system that amplifies Salmonella gene expression in tumor tissue

Half‐lanthanocene/dialkylmagnesium‐mediated coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of styrene and hexene

Nano polymerization catalysts: Further insights into nanoparticle-facilitated polymerization of olefins

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