Minimalistic peptides are attractive as components for the design of active bio-inspired materials that perform their functions enabled by the continuous turnover of chemical fuels. The first requirement for such systems is chemical complexation with the fuel source. Herein, we demonstrate the unbiased screening for heptapeptides that recognize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), life's ubiquitous energy source, using the in vitro method phage display. Characterization of the identified lead sequence by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations revealed peptide-ATP complexes that are highly dynamic and take on an ensemble of conformations. Systematic investigation of Ala variants of the identified peptide revealed the contribution of individual residues to association with the nucleotide. Importantly, the identified heptapeptide sequence is not related to any known nucleotide-binding motif. Our results demonstrate the application of phage display for de novo selection of short peptides that adapt their conformational space through recognition of a small molecule and provides a first step toward the design of peptide-based ATP-metabolizing structures.The complex functionality of biological systems arises from the integration of numerous molecular processes that lead to functions which exceed the sum of the characteristics of their constituents, referred to as emergent properties. [1] These processes include molecular recognition, supramolecular self-assembly and chemical reactivity, enabling systems to rapidly adapt and change their functions while turning over chemical fuels, thereby enabling dynamic processes which operate far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. [2,3] In order to identify molecular components which display these key functions, both computational and experimental methods have been developed that enable searching a large molecular space for interactions between molecules in order to predict potential emergent properties within a system. [4,5] Despite enormous progress in supramolecular systems design, [3,6,7] and its importance to materials science, biotechnology and biomedical engineering, the design of active and adaptive systems with designed functions remains a challenge. [8] Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the ubiquitous energy currency that maintains the dynamic structures and functions of living cells. [9] Hydrolysis of the nucleotide releases 28 kJ/mol free energy and thus makes it an attractive candidate to fuel minimalistic active structures that may be integrated within living systems in the future. Our ultimate goal is to develop ATP metabolizing matter based on designed peptides. In here, we describe a first important step, the identification of novel peptides that recruit ATP and form dynamic complexes with it.Reported examples of chemically fueled assembly that utilize nucleotides as energy source rely on biological enzymes. [10][11][12] Efforts to identify minimalistic peptide sequences that interact with nucleotides are based on rational mimicry and simplification of working p...