Copper thiocyanato complexes and cocaine – a case of ‘black cocaine’

Laussmann, Tim; Grzesiak, Ireneus; Krest, Alexander; Stirnat, Kathrin; Meier-Giebing, Sigrid; Ruschewitz, Uwe; Klein, Axel

doi:10.1002/dta.1658

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…EPR spectra of axial symmetry with g > g ⊥ (Group I in Table 3, Figure 5 (left)) were observed for most of the tetragonally elongated octahedral species (OE) and square pyramidal systems with an extra-long distance to a sixth ligand (SPy+1) in line with previous reports [24,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Cu hyper fine structure (HFS, coupling to the 63 Cu (69.17%) and 65 Cu (30.83%) nuclei both with I = 3/2 [53]) was only observed in one case, [Cu(Ina) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (Figure 5 (left)), on the parallel g component (A = 180 G).…”

Section: X-band Epr Spectroscopy and Magnetic Measurementssupporting

confidence: 89%

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CuII Complexes and Coordination Polymers with Pyridine or Pyrazine Amides and Amino Benzamides—Structures and EPR Patterns

et al. 2020

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Isonicotine amide, picoline amide, pyrazine 2-amide, 2- and 4-amino benzamides and various CuII salts were used to target CuII complexes of these ligands alongside with 1D and 2D coordination polymers. Under the criterion of obtaining crystalline and single phased materials a number of new compounds were reliably reproduced. Remarkably, for some of these compounds the ideal Cu:ligand ratio of the starting materials turned out to be very different from Cu:ligand ratio in the products. Crystal and molecular structures from single-crystal XRD were obtained for all new compounds; phase purity was checked using powder XRD. We observed exclusively the Oamide and not the NH2amide function binding to CuII. In most of the cases; this occurred in chelates with the second pyridine, pyrazine or aminophenyl N function. µ-O,N ditopic bridging was frequently observed for the N = pyridine, pyrazine or aminophenyl functions, but not exclusively. The geometry around CuII in these compounds was very often axially elongated octahedral or square pyramidal. X-band EPR spectra of powder samples revealed various spectral symmetry patterns ranging from axial over rhombic to inverse axial. Although the EPR spectra cannot be unequivocally correlated to the observed geometry of CuII in the solid state structures, the EPR patterns can help to support assumed structures as shown for the compound [Cu(Ina)2Br2] (Ina = isonicotine amide). As UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and magnetic measurement in the solid can also be roughly correlated to the surrounding of CuII, we suggest the combination of EPR, UV-vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurements to elucidate possible structures of CuII compounds with such ligands.

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Section: X-band Epr Spectroscopy and Magnetic Measurementssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Importantly, the axial non-chelating O amide (in 2) and N 4pyrazine binding (in 12) both represent structures with µ-O,N ditopic bridging. The axial position is occupied by the thio-bisacetamide (Tba) S atoms in compound 18 in line with the preferences of Cu II to N over S coordination [33,34,50].…”

Section: Crystal Structures From Single Crystal Xrdmentioning

confidence: 94%

CuII Complexes and Coordination Polymers with Pyridine or Pyrazine Amides and Amino Benzamides—Structures and EPR Patterns

et al. 2020

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“…Laussmann et al . presented an interesting case of the identification of cocaine in a suspicious black powder confiscated by German customs.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy In Forensic Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laussmann et al [39] presented an interesting case of the identification of cocaine in a suspicious black powder confiscated by German customs. Cocaine, mixed with copper, iron, thiocyanate and graphite, was identified by the use of several analytical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy.…”

Section: Identifying the Type Of Cocaine Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy in forensic analysis: identification of cocaine and other illegal drugs of abuse

Penido

Pacheco

Lednev

et al. 2016

J Raman Spectroscopy

158

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*Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic light scattering, allows for rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive analysis in forensic science. This review presents the state-of-the-art use of Raman spectroscopy as a confirmatory method for the identification of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in seized samples, including hidden compounds in legal materials such as beverages and clothes, among others, used for trafficking. Quantitative Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the actual drug concentrations in street cocaine and crack rocks and to identify possible adulterants in these samples for forensic toxicology and criminalistics. Finally, recent developments in Raman spectrometers (portable instruments and new excitation wavelengths) and advancements in data analysis offer exciting opportunities for new applications of Raman spectroscopy in the identification and quantification of drugs of abuse, including investigations conducted immediately at the scene of a crime.

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“…11,14 Typically, these mixtures incorporate cobalt or copper thiocyanate salts and ferric chloride in order to confuse the results of colorimetric tests based on the use of thiocyanate (Scott test) and avoid its detection. [15][16][17] Numerous cocaine-hiding strategies have been reported with different solid matrices that include toner cartridge powder, industrial dyes, soils, black carbon, and fertilizers. 18 Following the recommendations of the United Nations Office of Drug and Crime (UNODC) 2 when cocaine is mixed or impregnated with/into other materials, a previous full extraction procedure is required, followed by its determination by gas (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%