Core or periphery? The past and present of the history of education

Race, Richard

doi:10.1080/0141192042000195227

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A definição de riacho utilizada aqui será a mesma proposta em Castro (1999), reafirmada em Castro & Polaz (2020), e aceita em um importante trabalho recente sobre a diversificação dos peixes neotropicais de água doce (Albert, Tagliacollo & Dagosta 2020). Assim, o termo riacho, como utilizado aqui, deve ser visto no contexto dos quatros riachos inseridos na Mata Atlântica legal e supracitados e refere-se àquelas partes de um sistema fluvial qualquer, idealmente pouco ou não alterado pela ação antrópica deletéria.…”

Section: Aspectos Metodológicosunclassified

“…É uma ictiofauna cuja idade mínima da maioria das principais linhagens (ordens Characiformes, Siluriformes e Gymnotiformes) situa-se no período Cretáceo, entre 90 e 112 milhões de anos no passado (Lundberg et al 1998). Por ser composta principalmente por peixes Otophysi primariamente de água doce, é uma ictiofauna que possui sua história evolutiva ligada estreitamente à história geológica dos cursos d'água sulamericanos e centro-americanos (Castro & Polaz 2020).…”

Section: A Ictiofauna Sul-americanaunclassified

“…No caso especial do Brasil, país cujos 8,5 milhões de km 2 de área correspondem a quase metade da região Neotropical como um todo, a riqueza em espécies descritas da ictiofauna de águas continentais, 3.148 espécies (ICMBio 2018) é enorme, com certeza a maior do planeta (Machado, Drummond & Paglia 2008, Albert & Reis 2011, Castro & Polaz 2020.…”

Section: A Ictiofauna Sul-americanaunclassified

“…Segundo Castro & Polaz (2020), com base em Reis et al (2003) e Froese & Pauly (2019), a maioria absoluta -em torno de 70% -de suas espécies componentes é de pequeno porte, não atingindo mais do que 15 cm de comprimento padrão quando adultas e essa dominância, de enorme significância para a ictiofauna de riachos, já vem sendo apontada há algum tempo (ver Castro 1999, Castro et al, 2005, Albert, Bart & Reis, 2011. Tabela 1.…”

Section: A Ictiofauna Sul-americanaunclassified

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Evolução Da Ictiofauna De Riachos Sul-Americanos (Castro, 1999) Revisitado Após Mais De Duas Décadas

Castro

2021

Oecol. Aust.

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A little more than 20 years after the first publication of Castro (1999), the knowledge of the South American freshwater ichthyofauna, especially that of Brazil, has increased dramatically. This increase occurred both in terms of knowledge of its taxonomic diversity - in 1999, based on various sources in the scientific literature, a total of 2,800 species of South American freshwater fish was estimated, and a total of near 3,500 species it is currently known from Brazil alone - as to the knowledge of its evolution and also ecology. Consequently, all the hypotheses originally proposed in that paper are reexamined and critically discussed here considering this new knowledge accumulated in the past nearly two decades. Although the original 1999 hypothesis that the small adult size of their respective species is a general evolutionary pattern shared by the South American stream ichthyofauna has been firmly corroborated by several studies carried out in many regions of Brazil, the different patterns associated with most of the species of stream fish originally proposed are discussed in this chapter in the light of the new accumulated knowledge about their biology and ecology. Likewise, the possible role of heterochrony in their respective evolution is critically analyzed in the context of the great advance that has occurred in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of component taxa of freshwater neotropical ichthyofauna, using mainly the family Characidae as a possible model. Finally, a recent intriguing idea of the role of respiratory physiology in determining both the maximum size of teleost fish and their patterns of environmental occupation is examined in relation to its possible effect in the evolution of South American stream ichthyofauna.

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Section: Aspectos Metodológicosunclassified

Section: A Ictiofauna Sul-americanaunclassified

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Evolução Da Ictiofauna De Riachos Sul-Americanos (Castro, 1999) Revisitado Após Mais De Duas Décadas

Castro

2021

Oecol. Aust.

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“…Quanto às variáveis ambientais, elas podem ser escolhidas com base no conhecimento sobre a ecologia da espécie e/ou do ambiente onde vive. Essa abordagem exige um conhecimento sobre a história de vida da espécie, geralmente indisponível para peixes de riachos (Castro & Polaz 2020). Nessa abordagem, deve-se testar a colinearidade entre as variáveis para evitar o superajuste (overfit) dos modelos; ou pode-se utilizar os eixos de uma análise de componentes principais (PCA) no lugar da seleção de determinadas variáveis ambientais, assim é possível manter a representação de todas as variáveis sem a necessidade de escolha (De Marco & Nóbrega 2018).…”

Section: Modelagem De Nicho Ecológico (Enm)unclassified

Conservação De Peixes De Riacho: Planejamento E Políticas Públicas

2021

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Conservation biology has historically been based on principles to protect terrestrial ecosystems, with marine and freshwater ecosystems left behind. As a result, often, protected areas are defined with bases in forest cover and terrestrial characteristics overseeing important components of connectivity of riverine landscapes, such as the connectivity between rivers, lakes, and streams. It is important to emphasize that forest protection is extremely important, but that alone cannot safeguard the protection of freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, our discussion should lead, not to the disregard of terrestrial efforts but to the complementation of existing efforts for forest protection with the addition of areas that can also protect freshwater ecosystems. Fluvial ecosystems are hierarchical and nested systems, with multidimensional connectivity including longitudinal (upstream-downstream), lateral (floodplains and lakes), temporal (seasons) and vertical (groundwaters) connections. Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) is the most well accepted and used method for designing conservation plans based on cost-effective scenarios that include ecological and socio-economic values resulting in thematic maps of priority areas for conservation. Recently, methods to consider the connectivity of freshwater ecosystems were incorporated into spatial prioritization tools. Maps produced using spatial prioritization tools can help decision making on species management and conservation actions, such as plans for species’ impact reduction (PRIM) and action plans for threatened species (PAN). PRIM and PAN use information about species ecology to focus conservation actions onto target species. These conservation action plans must be viable not only ecologically but also economically. In this context, using SCP to guide designs of PRIM and PAN can help stakeholders to achieve better conservation actions in Brazil. Thus, the SCP can improve the conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems, through the integration of science, society and stakeholder.

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