Core-scale geophysical and hydromechanical analysis of seabed sediments affected by CO2 venting

Falcón-Suarez, Ismael; Lichtschlag, Anna; Marín‐Moreno, Héctor; Papageorgiou, Giorgos; Sahoo, Sourav K.; Roche, Ben; Callow, Ben; Gehrmann, Romina; Chapman, Mark; North, Laurence J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103332

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Archie's law was extended to incorporate clay using the Waxman-Smits model (e.g., Mavko et al, 1998;Sahoo et al, 2018), which includes further unknowns such as the concentration of clay exchange cations. Analysis of log-scale data in the laboratory shows that there is some benefit from incorporating the clay extension (Falcon-Suarez et al, 2021). However, for our calibration we averaged Archie's parameters over the depth section with variable clay content.…”

Section: Calibration Of Archie's Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity and free gas estimates from controlled source electromagnetic data at the Scanner Pockmark in the North Sea

Gehrmann

Provenzano

Böttner

et al. 2021

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Section: Calibration Of Archie's Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity and free gas estimates from controlled source electromagnetic data at the Scanner Pockmark in the North Sea

Gehrmann

Provenzano

Böttner

et al. 2021

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…(2009) and Falcon‐Suarez et al. (2021) to obtain S w , as follows:

{S}_{w}={\left(\frac{{FR}_{w}}{{R}_{b}\left(1+B{Q}_{v}{R}_{w}/{S}_{w}\right)}\right)}^{1/n},

with the resistivity formation factor F = aϕ −m , m and n are the cementation and saturation exponents, a is an empirical parameter close to unity, and R w is the resistivity of the brine solution;

B=\frac{-1.28+0.225T-0.4059\cdot {10}^{-4}{T}^{2}}{1+{R}_{w}^{1.23}(0.045T-0.27)},

for temperature ( T ) in degrees Celsius, and

{Q}_{v}={\rho }_{S}CEC(1-\phi )/\phi ,

where ρ s is mineral grain density.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Once the confining pressure increases and the sleeve is in contact with the sample, we can measure the bulk electrical resistivity using an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT ) data acquisition system designed and developed at the NOC (North et al, 2013). Under our experimental P-T-fluid salinity conditions (i.e., ∼3.5% NaCl brine), bulk resistivity error is <1% for the (homogenous and isotropic) fully saturated porous sandstones, raising up to ∼5% when the fluid is heterogeneously distributed (Falcon-Suarez et al, 2021). We refer to North…”

Section: Brine and Co 2 Flow-through Tests: Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fluid Distribution and Petrophysics on Geophysical Signatures of CO₂ Storage Sandstone Reservoirs

Falcon‐Suarez,

Mangriotis,

Papageorgiou

et al. 2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key element to achieving net‐zero energy challenge timely. CCS operations require the integration of geophysical data, such as seismic and electromagnetic surveys, numerical reservoir models and fluid flow simulations. However, the 10–100s m resolution of seismic imaging methods complicates the mapping of smaller scale rock heterogeneities, while borehole measurements commonly show large fluctuations at sub‐cm scales. In this study, we combine laboratory data, well‐logging, rock physics theories and a proof‐of‐concept time‐lapse seismic modeling to assess the effect of pore‐scale fluid distribution and petrophysical heterogeneities on the expected performance of whole‐reservoir CCS operations in deep saline aquifers, by analogy to the Aurora CCS site, North Sea. We monitored the elastic and electrical properties of three sandstone samples with slightly different physical and petrographic properties during carbon dioxide (CO2) flow‐through tests under equivalent in situ effective pressure. We inferred the CO2‐induced damage in the rocks from the variations of their hydromechanical properties. We found that the clay fraction, CO2‐clay chemical interactions, and porosity were the main factors affecting both the CO2 distribution in the samples and the hydromechanical response. We used seismic modeling of well‐log data and the laboratory results to estimate the reservoir‐scale time‐lapse seismic response to CO2 injection and to assess the effect of the rock heterogeneities in our interpretation. The results show that disregarding the effect of rock heterogeneities on the CO2‐brine fluids distribution can lead to significant misinterpretations of seismic monitoring surveys during CCS operations in terms of both CO2 quantification and distribution.

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“…Mudstones and shales are of fundamental importance as caprocks for anthropogenicrelated storage sites, such as geological CO 2 sequestration and waste repositories [1][2][3][4][5][6], and conventional and unconventional petroleum-related activities [7][8][9]. Local geological trends strongly affect the rock properties of the fine-grained argillaceous layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Mineral Type and Content Control Properties of Fine-Grained CO2 Caprocks—Laboratory Insights from Strongly Swelling and Non-Swelling Clay–Quartz Mixtures

Nooraiepour

2022

Energies

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Understanding and predicting sealing characteristics and containment efficiency as a function of burial depth across sedimentary basins is a prerequisite for safe and secure subsurface storage. Instead of estimators and empirical relationships, this study aimed to delineate data-driven variability domains for non-cemented fine-grained clastic caprocks. Constant rate-of-strain uniaxial compression experiments were performed to measure changes in properties of brine-saturated quartz–clay mixtures. The binary mixtures were prepared by mixing quartz with strongly swelling (smectite) and non-swelling (kaolinite) clays representing end-member clay mineral characteristics. The primary objective was to evaluate the evolution of mudstone properties in the first 2.5 km of burial depth before chemical compaction and cementation. By conducting systematic laboratory tests, variability domains, normal compaction trends, and the boundaries in which characteristics of fine-grained argillaceous caprocks may vary were identified, quantified, and mathematically described. The results showed distinct domains of properties, where kaolinite-rich samples showed higher compressibility, lower total porosity, higher vertical permeability, and higher Vp and Vs. Two discrepancies were discovered in the literature and resolved regarding the compaction of pure kaolinite and the ultimate lowest porosity for quartz–clay mixtures. The present experimental study can provide inputs for numerical simulation and geological modeling of candidate CO2 storage sites.

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Core-scale geophysical and hydromechanical analysis of seabed sediments affected by CO2 venting

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Porosity and free gas estimates from controlled source electromagnetic data at the Scanner Pockmark in the North Sea

Porosity and free gas estimates from controlled source electromagnetic data at the Scanner Pockmark in the North Sea

Impact of Fluid Distribution and Petrophysics on Geophysical Signatures of CO₂ Storage Sandstone Reservoirs

Clay Mineral Type and Content Control Properties of Fine-Grained CO2 Caprocks—Laboratory Insights from Strongly Swelling and Non-Swelling Clay–Quartz Mixtures

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Core-scale geophysical and hydromechanical analysis of seabed sediments affected by CO2 venting

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Porosity and free gas estimates from controlled source electromagnetic data at the Scanner Pockmark in the North Sea

Porosity and free gas estimates from controlled source electromagnetic data at the Scanner Pockmark in the North Sea

Impact of Fluid Distribution and Petrophysics on Geophysical Signatures of CO2 Storage Sandstone Reservoirs

Clay Mineral Type and Content Control Properties of Fine-Grained CO2 Caprocks—Laboratory Insights from Strongly Swelling and Non-Swelling Clay–Quartz Mixtures

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Product

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Impact of Fluid Distribution and Petrophysics on Geophysical Signatures of CO₂ Storage Sandstone Reservoirs