Corn Cob Ash versus Sunflower Stalk Ash, Two Sustainable Raw Materials in an Analysis of Their Effects on the Concrete Properties

Abstract

The increased CO2 emissions determined by the cement industry led to continuous and intensive research on the discovery of sustainable raw materials with cementitious properties. One such raw material category is agricultural waste. This study involved research on the effects of corn cob ash and sunflower stalk ash, respectively, on compressive strength measured after 28 days and 3 months, the flexural and splitting tensile strengths, the resistance to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, and on the resistance to chemical attack of hydrochloric acid of the concrete. A 2.5% and 5% replacement of the cement volume with corn cob ash (CCA) of A and B quality was applied, and with sunflower stalk ash (SSA) at A and B quality, respectively. The obtained results revealed that CCA and SSA decreased the compressive and tensile strength, but led to higher resistance of the concrete on repeated freeze–thaw cycles and to hydrochloric acid. The mixes with 2.5% SSA at A quality obtained the best results regarding splitting the tensile strength and resistance to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, the mixes with 2.5% SSA at B quality led to the highest resistance to hydrochloric acid, and those with 2.5% CCA at A quality led to the best values of compressive strength and flexural tensile strength.

Recycling of Egyptian Shammi Corn Stalks for Maintaining Sustainable Cement Industry: Scoring on Sustainable Development Goals

“…In this matrix, the number of targets achieved per goal was identified and then divided by the total number of targets for the same goal. References [67][68][69] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”

Effects of Grinding Methods and Water-to-Binder Ratio on the Properties of Cement Mortars Blended with Biomass Ash and Ceramic Powder

“…Several investigations have been attempted by a number of researchers to develop alternative cementitious materials using HRA. Rice husk ash (RHA) [ 5 ], palm oil fuel ash (POFA) [ 6 ], sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) [ 7 ], wheat straw ash (WSA) [ 8 ] and corn cob ash (CCA) [ 9 ] are some of the HRA that have evidently been reported for their suitability as pozzolans. The majority of the agricultural biomass resources in Serbia lie in corn biomass, more than 25% in the straw of cereals, and the rest in harvest residues of sunflower, soybean and oilseed rape.…”

“…Few earlier studies are available on the effect of WSA incorporation on the flexural and compressive strength of blended cement mortar [ 11 ] and masonry mortar [ 8 ]. No studies referring to CCA application in cement-based composites in Serbia can be found, while there have been studies giving an account of this by-product utilization as a SCM in other countries [ 9 ].…”

Performance of 28 mega pascal self-compacting concrete using sustainable raw materials and their influence on mechanical behavior

“…(19) Añadir ceniza de cáscara de arroz en el concreto autocompactante aumenta la resistencia a la comprensión hasta un 15 % de valor de reposición (7) y la combinación porcentual de ceniza de maíz y ceniza de tallo de girasol aumenta hasta un 10 % para obtener una mayor ganancia de resistencia. (20) El principal objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la sustitución del cemento por ceniza de cáscara de arroz y ceniza de paja de ichu, en porcentajes de 2 %, 4 % y 6 % y determinar su influencia en las propiedades en estado fresco y la resistencia a la comprensión del concreto autocompactante considerando testigos de concreto a distintas edades de curado.…”