Cornelian Cherry Iridoid-Polyphenolic Extract Improves Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Rat Experimental Colitis and Exerts Antimicrobial and Antiadhesive Activities In Vitro

Abstract

Background and Aims. Inflammatory bowel disease pharmacotherapy, despite substantial progress, is still not satisfactory for both patients and clinicians. In view of the chronic and relapsing disease course and not always effective treatment with adverse effects, attempts to search for new, more efficient, and safer substances are essential and reasonable. This study was designed to elucidate the impact of cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract (CE) and loganic acid (LA) on adherent-invasive E. coli growth and adhesion in vitro and to assess the effect of pretreatment with CE or LA on the course of intestinal inflammation in rat experimental colitis compared with sulfasalazine. Methods. Antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of CE and LA were assessed using microdilution, Int407 cell adherence, and yeast agglutination assays. The colitis model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Studied substances were administered intragastrically for 16 days prior to colitis induction. Body weight loss; colon index; histological injuries; IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α, and chemerin levels; and STAT3, Muc2, and TFF3 mRNA expression were evaluated. Results. Only CE exerted antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities in vitro and alleviated colonic symptoms. CE coadministrated with sulfasalazine was more effective than single compounds in reversing increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and chemerin and decreased Muc2 mRNA expression. Conclusions. CE exerted a protective effect against experimental colitis via impaired mucosal epithelial barrier restoration and intestinal inflammatory response attenuation and given concomitantly with sulfasalazine counteracted colitis in a more effective way than sulfasalazine alone, which indicates their synergistic interaction. The beneficial effect of CE may also be due to its bacteriostatic and antiadhesive activities.

Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines and Triglycerides Levels in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model

“…Both groups affect positively especially the function of the cardiovascular system and the liver. Up to this date cardiovascular, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antihepatotoxic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antitumor, antiviral, immunomodulatory and purgative activities of iridoids [ 1 , 2 ] and anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, and anti-obesity activities of anthocyanins were reported [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Cornus mas L. Increases Glucose Uptake and the Expression of PPARG in Insulin-Resistant Adipocytes

“…Five (iridoids, hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, phenolic acid, and flavonols) and four (except for anthocyanin) phytochemical groups were identified in red and yellow extract samples, respectively. A detailed description of the identified compounds of CM was presented in the authors’ previous articles [ 18 , 19 , 23 , 24 ]. The extracts contained comparable amounts of iridoids, hydrolyzable tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonols, while the content of anthocyanins differed.…”

Potentially Bio-Accessible Metabolites from an Extract of Cornus mas Fruit after Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro and Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo Treatment

“…Among flavonoids, the derivatives of kaempferol were mostly detected. In all fractions, compounds, which provided the main ion m / z 447 [M − H] − in negative ESI mode, were detected and tentatively assigned to kaempferol hexosides (R t = 45.7 min and R t = 46.9 min) [ 26 ]. Its major MS 2 fragmentation pattern showed a signal at m / z 285.…”

“…Its fragmentary ion was m / z 301 in negative ESI mode. Therefore, the compound was tentatively identified as quercetin glucuronide [ 26 , 28 ]. In addition, in the salivary, gastric, and intestinal fractions dihydroquercetin (syn.…”

“…It is worth noting that protocatechuic acid was reported as a product of anthocyanin degradation [ 51 ]. Phenolic acids, such as p -coumaroylquinic acids [M − H] − m / z 337, were previously identified in extract of C. mas [ 26 ]. On the other hand, hexahydroxydiphenolic acid [M − H] − m / z 337 linked with polysaccharides or phenolic acids through ester bonds forms ellagitannins.…”