Coronary artery spasm and vasoconstriction. The case for a distinction.

2013 Esc Guidelines on the Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease

“…В литературе спазм определяют как уменьше-ние диаметра просвета от 75% до 99%, по сравнению с диаметром после инъекции нитроглицерина [247], однако тяжелая боль в грудной клетке с депрессией сег-мента ST может возникнуть и без спазма эпикардиаль-ных артерий [248]. Последний феномен, получивший название "микрососудистый спазм", часто наблюдают у пациентов с микрососудистой стенокардией в анам-незе.…”

T −786 →C Mutation in the 5′-Flanking Region of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Is Associated With Coronary Spasm

“…Conclusions-Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the T Key Words: spasm Ⅲ nitric oxide Ⅲ genes C oronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of not only variant angina but also ischemic heart diseases in general, including other forms of angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death. [1][2][3] However, the precise mechanism(s) responsible for coronary spasm remains to be elucidated.…”

“…Six of the subjects were smokers, and the histories of all 11 subjects indicated that they had experienced coronary spasm at some time. Because there is daily, monthly, and yearly as well as diurnal variation in the occurrence of coronary spasm, 2,3,32 it is possible that these patients were not in the active phase of the ailment at the time of study. It is also possible that they may be destined to suffer from coronary spasm in the future, because they are relatively young (mean age, 50 years; range, 31 to 62 years).…”

Effects of l -Arginine on Atherogenesis and Endothelial Dysfunction due to Secondhand Smoke

“…13,14 Although the relationship of endothelial dysfunction to clinical vascular disease is not completely understood, endothelial dysfunction may exist as a pathological state preceding the development of overt atherosclerosis 15 and may contribute to the pathogenesis of acute ischemic syndromes in the development of advanced atherosclerosis. 16 Experimental animal studies have addressed the relationship between endothelial NO production and atherosclerosis and have examined the effects of interventions on atherogenesis. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits is associated with impaired endothelial NO production.…”