Coronary Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiologic Basis for Diagnosis and Management

Boudoulas, Konstantinos Dean; Triposciadis, Filippos; Geleris, Paraschos; Boudoulas, Harisios

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.04.003

Cited by 92 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Since the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease varies among patients, different therapeutic modalities for each patient at different stages of the disease are often used. In a patient with an ST elevation myocardial infarction, PCI is the procedure of choice, while in a patient with left main coronary artery stenosis associated with multivessel coronary artery disease without other major comorbidities, CABG is the procedure of choice in order to achieve complete revascularization [1,2]. Patients who are candidates for hybrid coronary revascularization include those with significant LAD stenosis suitable for left internal mammary artery anastomosis plus significant coronary artery stenosis in at least one other major coronary artery suitable for PCI.…”

Section: "Variability Is the Law Of Life"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each approach has its advantages and limitations, and one method is considered complimentary to the other [1,2]. PCI is less invasive and it is associated with a lower procedural morbidity and mortality, but the use of dual antiplatelet therapy required after stent placement may constitute a problem, at least in certain patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, use of the internal mammary (thoracic) artery anastomosis to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery gives excellent long-term results; this may be the single most important factor in the superior survival benefit seen with CABG compared to PCI. In certain patients, a hybrid approach (i.e., left internal mammary artery anastomosis to the LAD and PCI to the remaining arteries) can be used [1,3]. Left internal mammary artery anastomosis to the LAD can be performed off-pump with a minimally invasive surgical procedure with fewer procedural risks while utilizing the LIMA, which is associated with excellent long-term patency and with a survival benefit.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, advancements in stent technology and medical management have resulted in a reduction in the rates of stent thrombosis and restenosis, making PCI a viable alternative to saphenous vein grafts in select patients. The cost of the hybrid approach may be higher compared to those of PCI alone; however, this may be offset in the long term by the superior results of using the internal mammary artery, but the cost may be less compared to traditional CABG surgery due to a less invasive procedure with a shorter hospital length of stay [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. DOI: 10.1159/000489040…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, outcomes related to standard CABG and PCI are compared to the hybrid approach. The authors suggested that CABG remains the gold standard in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease; however, due to advantages in medical science and medical technology, the hybrid approach may be attractive in certain individuals, especially the elderly [1,[10][11][12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Coronary Revascularization and the Hybrid Cardiovascular Operating Room

Boudoulas

Marmagkiolis

Pitsis³

et al. 2018

Cardiology

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Section: "Variability Is the Law Of Life"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Coronary Revascularization and the Hybrid Cardiovascular Operating Room

Boudoulas

Marmagkiolis

Pitsis³

et al. 2018

Cardiology

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microRNA‐107 protects against inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress of vascular endothelial cells via KRT1‐dependent Notch signaling pathway in a mouse model of coronary atherosclerosis

Gao

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Coronary atherosclerosis is a long‐term, sustained, and evolving inflammatory disease manifested with the remodeling of the coronary arteries. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential role of microRNA‐107 (miR‐107) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in coronary atherosclerosis by regulating the KRT1 gene and the Notch signaling pathway. A mouse model of coronary atherosclerosis was established. The relationship between miR‐107 and KRT1 was analyzed and verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The functional role of miR‐107 in coronary atherosclerosis was determined using ectopic expression and depletion. Blood lipid levels and atherosclerotic index (AI) were measured in atherosclerotic mice. Expression pattern of miR‐107, KRT1, Notch signaling pathway, inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory factors, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related genes was evaluated by means of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, cell‐cycle distribution and cell apoptosis in VECs were assessed by flow cytometry. Atherosclerotic mice exhibited higher blood lipid levels, AI, apoptotic index, and KRT1‐positive expression as well as inhibited Notch signaling pathway when compared with normal mice. The miR‐107 was revealed to bind to KRT1; miR‐107 upregulation or KRT1 silencing resulted in reductions in blood lipid levels and AI, inhibition in cell apoptosis, inflammation, and ER stress. Restored miR‐107 or downregulated KRT1 activated the Notch signaling pathway. These results supported the notion that miR‐107‐targeted KRT1 inhibition activated the Notch pathway, thereby, protecting against the coronary atherosclerosis. Findings in this study might provide a novel biomarker for the coronary atherosclerosis treatment.

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miR‐222‐5p promotes dysfunction of human vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting RB1

Liu

Jiang

Lu³

et al. 2021

Environmental Toxicology

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Background: Coronary atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the formation of plaque in the vessel wall. The structural and functional changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can promote plaque formation and induce plaque instability. Objective: To investigate the functions and mechanism of miR-222-5p in VSMCs under the treatment of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Methods: miR-222-5p expression in ox-LDL-treated VSMCs and the serum of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The viability and migration of VSMCs were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. Protein levels of proliferation and migration-related factors were evaluated by western blotting. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the binding between miR-222-5p and retinoblastoma susceptibility protein (RB1) gene in VSMCs. ApoE-knockout mice were infected with the lentivirus inhibiting miR-222-5p expression to explore the effect of miR-222-5p on pathological changes. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, trichrome staining, and Oil Red O staining were conducted to determine the necrotic core area and atherosclerotic lesion size in the ascending aorta of ApoE-knockout mice. Results: With the accumulation of ox-LDL concentration and treatment time, miR-222-5p expression was gradually upregulated in VSMCs. Similarly, miR-222-5p expression was increased in the serum of ApoE-knockout mice. miR-222-5p knockdown inhibited the proliferative and migratory abilities of ox-LDL-treated VSMCs, and the inhibitory effect on cellular behaviors was then significantly reversed by coknockdown of RB1. RB1 is a downstream target gene of miR-222-5p, and miR-222-5p bound with 3 0 -untranslated region of RB1 in VSMCs. We further confirmed that miR-222-5p knockdown alleviated pathological changes and inhibited lipid deposition in the serum of ApoE-knockout mice in vivo. Conclusion: miR-222-5p accelerates the dysfunction of VSMCs and promotes pathological changes and lipid deposition in ApoE-knockout mice by targeting RB1. The study may provide novel therapeutic targets for AS.

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Coronary Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiologic Basis for Diagnosis and Management

Cited by 92 publications

References 121 publications

Hybrid Coronary Revascularization and the Hybrid Cardiovascular Operating Room

Hybrid Coronary Revascularization and the Hybrid Cardiovascular Operating Room

microRNA‐107 protects against inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress of vascular endothelial cells via KRT1‐dependent Notch signaling pathway in a mouse model of coronary atherosclerosis

miR‐222‐5p promotes dysfunction of human vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting RB1

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