Coronavirus disease in children: A multicentre study from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Kari, Jameela A.; Shalaby, Mohamed; Albanna, Amr S.; Alahmadi, Turki S; Sukkar, Samaher A.; MohamedNur, Hanan A.H.; AlGhamdi, Manar; Basri, Afnan H.; Shagal, Reem A.; Alnajar, Abeer; Badawi, Mazen; Safdar, Osama Y; Zaher, Zaher F.; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Alhasan, Khalid

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.01.011

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We identified 9937 potentially relevant records from the literature databases and registers, and 1575 records from the additional searches. After screening the titles, abstracts and full texts, 56 studies (22 cohort studies, 9 case-control studies, and 25 case series) with a total of 79,104 patients were included [ [10] , [11] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] ] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 26 studies assessed risk factors for death [ 11 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 33 , 34 , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [46] , [47] , [48] , 50 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 68 , 70 , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] ]. We found low quality evidence that acute kidney injury (AKI, OR =3.15, 95% CI 1.25 to 7.90, two studies) was associated with an elevated risk of death.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 24 studies assessed factors associated with the risk of admission to ICU [ 10 , 11 , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , 41 , 43 , 44 , 54 , 57 , 58 , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , 70 ]. The pooled results from three studies showed that age less than 1 month was associated with an increased risk of admission to ICU ( OR =2.29, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.56, moderate-quality evidence).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background This study provides the first systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the predictors of unfavorable prognosis of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Methods We searched literature databases until July 2021 for studies that investigated risk factors for unfavorable prognosis of children and adolescents with COVID-19. We used random-effects models to estimate the effect size with 95% confidence interval ( CI ). Findings We identified 56 studies comprising 79,104 individuals. Mortality was higher in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) (odds ratio [ OR ]=58.00, 95% CI 6.39–526.79) and who were admitted to intensive care ( OR =12.64, 95% CI 3.42–46.68). Acute respiratry distress syndrme (ARDS) ( OR =29.54, 95% CI 12.69–68.78) and acute kidney injury (AKI) ( OR =55.02, 95% CI 6.26–483.35) increased the odds to be admitted to intensive care; shortness of breath ( OR =16.96, 95% CI 7.66–37.51) increased the need of respiratory support; and neurological diseases ( OR =5.16, 95% CI 2.30–11.60), C-reactive protein (CRP) level ≥80 mg/L ( OR =11.70, 95% CI 4.37–31.37) and D-dimer level ≥0.5ug/mL ( OR =20.40, 95% CI 1.76–236.44) increased the odds of progression to severe or critical disease. Interpretation Congenital heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, neurological diseases, obesity, MIS-C, shortness of breath, ARDS, AKI, gastrointestinal symptoms, elevated CRP and D-dimer are associated with unfavourable prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Several medical studies have reported that, in contrast to adults, children who contract COVID-19 generally experience relatively mild illness and lower morbidity [ 4 ]. For example, a Saudi-Arabia-based retrospective study of 88 pediatric patients with COVID-19 reported that most of these hospitalized children had experienced relatively mild symptoms, with only a very small number (n=7; 8%) developing severe disease [ 5 ]. Several different hypotheses have been proposed to explain children’s relatively positive prognosis and lower susceptibility to COVID-19 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Children: Special Focus on Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Aspects, 2020-2021

Almugti¹,

Alotaibi²,

Almohammed³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected many aspects of daily life. In Saudi Arabia, many studies, using a range of assessment approaches, have examined how the pandemic has affected the mental health of both the general public and healthcare workers. However, to develop effective public-health initiatives for such crisis events, it would also be relevant to determine the pandemic’s impact on the behavioral, emotional, and social lives of Saudi children. Objective To assess, among Saudi children aged 3-15 years, the behavioral, emotional, and social changes that have occurred in their daily lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods This study featured a cross-sectional design. Potential participants were approached through the most popular social media in Saudi Arabia, and the final sample size was 651 parents. As, at the time of data collection, the members of the Saudi public were requested to avoid face-to-face meetings where possible, a well-designed electronic questionnaire featuring closed-ended questions was used. Results Descriptive statistics showed that the mean age of the parents was 29±7 years (range: 20-60 years); over half (58%) were female. During the COVID-19 outbreak, one-third of children had asked to sleep in their parents’ beds. Furthermore, approximately 30% of children demonstrated increased irritability and mood swings when compared with the period before the pandemic. Concerning adaptive social behaviors, during the pandemic, 22% of children appeared calmer and 14% of children seemed more thoughtful. Our study reports more screen time, less physical activity, and reduced sleep time among children compared with the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has psychologically affected children. The present results highlight the need to reduce this psychological burden by enhancing children’s emotional resilience and involving parents in health-promotion programs aimed at mitigating the negative impacts of such public-health crises.

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“…In this study, the sodium level in the blood was found to be statistically significantly higher in paediatric positive cases compared to negative cases. In the study of Kari et al, sodium level was found to be high in paediatric positive cases, and this was associated with the presence of underlying comorbid diseases [22]. concLUsIons COVID-19 shows an asymptomatic or milder clinical course in paediatric patients compared to adult patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Retrospective evaluation of laboratory findings of suspected paediatric COVID-19 patients with positive and negative RT-PCR

YAMAN

Demirel

Yilmaz

et al. 2021

Disaster Emerg Med J

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Coronavirus disease in children: A multicentre study from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Children: Special Focus on Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Aspects, 2020-2021

Retrospective evaluation of laboratory findings of suspected paediatric COVID-19 patients with positive and negative RT-PCR

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