Corporate Criminal Liability from a Comparative Perspective

Engelhart, Marc

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05993-8_6

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These individuals, often in positions of authority, bear the responsibility for the actions taken by the corporation. Their decisions and actions can significantly impact the corporation's conduct, making them liable when criminal activities occur under their supervision (Engelhart, 2014).…”

Section: The Legal Framework For Corporate Criminal Liabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate Investment Fraud

Anggriawan,

Susila

2023

laj

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Salah satu bentuk aktivitas penipuan yang umum terjadi dalam dunia bisnis adalah penipuan investasi, yang seringkali merugikan masyarakat. Penipuan investasi terjadi ketika individu atau entitas mengumpulkan dana dari masyarakat tanpa izin dari otorisasi yang berkaitan. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang pendirian sistem tanggung jawab pidana korporasi untuk kejahatan ekonomi, khususnya yang terkait dengan investasi. Fokus utamanya adalah memahami bagaimana entitas korporasi dianggap bertanggung jawab dalam kerangka hukum untuk aktivitas tersebut. Metode Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan normatif, memandang kerangka hukum sebagai sistem norma yang terdiri dari prinsip-prinsip, peraturan perundang-undangan, preseden hukum, perjanjian kontraktual, dan ajaran doktriner. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pengawasan terhadap aktivitas penipuan dalam korporasi dan penipuan investasi menyoroti peran penting yang dimainkan oleh regulasi hukum dan definisi dalam menjaga integritas pasar keuangan dan standar etika. Analisis ini menyoroti signifikansi besar yang ditempatkan pada penanggulangan perilaku penipuan dalam kerangka hukum, sebagaimana yang terlihat dalam ketentuan dalam Kode Pidana. Ketentuan hukum ini menekankan sifat sengaja dari penipuan, penggunaan identitas atau posisi palsu, dan potensi pemberian sanksi berat, termasuk penjara dan denda, yang digunakan sebagai pendekatan efektif untuk mencegah perilaku penipuan. Selain itu, pemeriksaan tanggung jawab pidana korporasi mengkonfirmasi bahwa perusahaan, yang berfungsi sebagai entitas hukum yang berbeda, memiliki kapasitas pertanggungjawaban hukum terkait tindakan yang dilakukan oleh perwakilan mereka, termasuk yang terkait dengan penipuan investasi. A prevalent form of fraudulent activities in the business sphere is investment fraud, which often affects unsuspecting members of the public. Investment fraud occurs when individuals or entities collect funds from the public without the required permits or authorizations. This study investigates the establishment of a system of corporate criminal liability for economic crimes, particularly those related to investments. The primary focus is to comprehend how corporate entities are held liable within the legal framework for such activities. This research adopts a normative approach, viewing the legal framework as a composite system of norms encompassing principles, statutory regulations, judicial precedents, contractual agreements, and doctrinal teachings. The investigation reveals that the scrutiny of fraudulent activities in corporate and investment fraud highlights the vital role played by legal regulations and definitions in upholding the integrity of financial markets and ethical standards. This analysis sheds light on the substantial significance attached to addressing fraudulent behaviors within the legal framework, as evidenced by the provisions in the Criminal Code. These legal stipulations underscore the deliberate nature of deception, the use of false identities or positions, and the potential imposition of severe penalties, including imprisonment and fines, all employed as potent deterrents against fraudulent conduct. Furthermore, the examination of corporate criminal liability confirms that corporations, functioning as distinct legal entities, possess the capacity for legal accountability regarding the actions undertaken by their representatives, including those related to investment fraud.

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Section: The Legal Framework For Corporate Criminal Liabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate Investment Fraud

Anggriawan,

Susila

2023

laj

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“…La mayoría de instrumentos internacionales, dada la falta de consenso entre los Estados sobre el reconocimiento de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, recurren a disposiciones flexibles que permiten elegir el tipo de responsabilidad para las personas jurídicas, según los principios jurídicos de cada Estado (ENGELHART, 2014). La fórmula discrecional permite que un Estado que no reconozca la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en su ordenamiento jurídico interno pueda ser parte de los tratados, y cumplir con sus obligaciones mediante medidas civiles o administrativas (MACRORY; WOODS, 2006) que sean efectivas, proporcionadas, disuasorias y aplicables a las personas jurídicas (HAIGH, 2008).…”

Section: Corporate Knowledge Of the Commission Of An Ofence May Be Established By Proofunclassified

La investigación y el enjuiciamiento de crímenes ambientales cometidos en el marco de las actividades empresariales ante la Corte Penal Internacional

Márquez

2021

Seq. Est. Jur. Pol.

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El reconocimiento de los graves daños ambientales como crímenes internacionales en el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) no solo expande la justicia penal internacional y refuerza la protección del medio ambiente a nivel global, sino también se constituye como un mecanismo para acabar con la gran impunidad que gozan actualmente las empresas. Por ello, a partir de un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de la práctica actual y de la bibliografía relacionada con el tema, el presente artículo, por un lado, evalúa el reconocimiento de los graves y extensos daños ambientales como crímenes que activan la competencia de la CPI, como respuesta a la actual crisis ambiental, y, por otro lado, explora los cambios sustantivos que implica la inclusión de los crímenes ambientales en el Estatuto de Roma, particularmente la extensión de las competencias personales de la CPI para la investigación y el enjuiciamiento de empresas.

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“…54 Developing compliance programmes to secure adherence to regulations were gaining importance in the United States of America, whereas in Europe 'the legal notion of insufficient organisation was taken up and developed'. 55 Insufficient organisation and supervision form the basis of corporate liability. Hence, due supervision and control are key elements to avoid liability, which can be implemented by compliance programmes.…”

Section: Definition Of 'Legal Person'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate Liability

Planitzer¹

2020

A Commentary on the Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings

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Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to ensure that a legal person can be held liable for a criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention, committed for its benefit by any natural person, acting either individually or as part of an organ of the legal person, who has a leading position within the legal person, based on: a a power of representation of the legal person; b an authority to take decisions on behalf of the legal person; c an authority to exercise control within the legal person. 2 Apart from the cases already provided for in paragraph 1, each Party shall take the measures necessary to ensure that a legal person can be held liable where the lack of supervision or control by a natural person referred to in paragraph 1 has made possible the commission of a criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention for the benefit of that legal person by a natural person acting under its authority. 3 Subject to the legal principles of the Party, the liability of a legal person may be criminal, civil or administrative. 4 Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offence.

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Corporate Criminal Liability from a Comparative Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Corporate Investment Fraud

Corporate Investment Fraud

La investigación y el enjuiciamiento de crímenes ambientales cometidos en el marco de las actividades empresariales ante la Corte Penal Internacional

Corporate Liability

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