Correction: Corrigendum: Exposure to Sound Vibrations Lead to Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Hormonal Changes in Arabidopsis

Abstract

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 33370; published online: 26 September 2016; updated: 24 November 2016

Beyond Chemical Triggers: Evidence for Sound-Evoked Physiological Reactions in Plants

“…These findings can be attributed to sound-mediated photosynthesis-related gene expression and increased CO 2 fixation. A similar study showed that the expression of genes in the Gene Ontology categories mechano-stimulus responsive, signaling related, redox homeostasis, biosynthesis, and defense increased in response to exposure to 500 Hz sound waves in Arabidopsis ( Ghosh et al, 2016 ) ( Table 1 ). These results imply that sound vibrations provide a stimulus to plants.…”

“…Exposing plants to sound activates plant innate immunity and (more specifically) elicits representative SA and JA defense signaling pathways similar to those observed in response to different chemical triggers ( Ghosh et al, 2016 ). Meta-analyses have demonstrated the occurrence of sound-mediated plant protection through the activation of the systemic immune response in crop plants such as pepper, cucumber, tomato, and strawberry ( Hou et al, 2009 ; Chowdhury et al, 2014 ; Mishra et al, 2016 ; Choi et al, 2017 ) ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…Although there are no visible alterations, transcriptional and translational changes occur in plants exposed to sound vibrations. Levels of mechano-stimulus responsive, signaling-related, redox homeostasis, and defense-related transcripts are changed in sound-exposed plants ( Ghosh et al, 2016 ). However, the specific organs or proteins used for sound perception have not yet been identified.…”

“…Although sound is not a visible or chemical stimulus, plants exposed to sound (a physical force) produce increasing amounts of mRNA ( Ghosh et al, 2016 ), suggesting that sound induces changes in plants at the transcriptional level. Indeed, two genes, the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase ( ald ) and Rubisco small sub-unit ( rbcS ) genes, which play critical roles in photosynthesis, were specifically induced in rice following 125 and 250 Hz sound treatment ( Jeong et al, 2008 ) ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Plant hormones typically regulate plant cellular processes and orchestrate most aspects of plant physiology including plant growth, flowering, ripening, senescence, and defense responses ( Hou et al, 2009 ; Qi et al, 2009 ; Hassanien et al, 2014 ; Kim et al, 2015 ). Recent studies showed that, in Arabidopsis , treatment with 500 Hz sound induces the production of the growth-related hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) 3 and the defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) ( Ghosh et al, 2016 ). Increased IAA levels and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) levels were also detected in Chrysanthemum exposed to a 1.4 kHz sound stimulus ( Bochu et al, 2004 ) ( Table 1 ).…”