Correction: Inflammation in Sickle Cell Disease: Differential and Down-Expressed Plasma Levels of Annexin A1 Protein

Torres, Lidiane de Souza; Okumura, Jéssika Viviani; Silva, Danilo G. H.; Mimura, Kallyne Kioko Oliveira; Belini-Júnior, Édis; Oliveira, Renan Garcia de; Lobo, Clarisse; Oliani, Sônia Maria; Bonini-Domingos, Cláudia Regina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172659

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“…Taken together, these findings suggest a hypothesis that SCA is a risk factor for cognitive impairment via multiple potential mechanisms such as sickling in small vessels causing occlusion, subclinical or clinical stroke, or other metabolic abnormalities like increased inflammation [12], coagulation activation [13] or hypoxemia [14], [15]. Carriers of SCA, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sickle cell trait and risk of cognitive impairment in African-Americans: The REGARDS cohort

et al. 2019

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Background Sickle cell anemia may be associated with cognitive dysfunction, and some complications of sickle cell anemia might affect those with sickle cell trait (SCT), so we hypothesized that SCT is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Methods The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study enrolled a national cohort of 30,239 white and black Americans from 2003 to 7, who are followed every 6 months. Baseline and annual global cognitive function testing used the Six-Item Screener (SIS), a validated instrument (scores range 0–6; ≤ 4 indicates cognitive impairment). Participants with baseline cognitive impairment and whites were excluded. Logistic regression was used to calculate the association of SCT with incident cognitive impairment, adjusted for risk factors. Linear mixed models assessed multivariable-adjusted change in test scores on a biennially administered 3-test battery measuring learning, memory, and semantic and phonemic fluency. Findings Among 7743 participants followed for a median of 7·1 years, 85 of 583 participants with SCT (14·6%) developed incident cognitive impairment compared to 902 of 7160 (12·6%) without SCT. In univariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of incident cognitive impairment was 1·18 (95% CI: 0·93, 1·51) for those with SCT vs. those without. Adjustment did not impact the OR. There was no difference in change on 3-test battery scores by SCT status (all p > 0·11). Interpretation In this prospective cohort study of black Americans, SCT was not associated with incident cognitive impairment or decline in test scores of learning, memory and executive function. Funding National Institutes of Health, American Society of Hematology.

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