Correction to: How origin, packaging and seasonality determine the environmental impact of apples, magnified by food waste and losses

Abstract

In the case of climate change, food waste and losses contribute up to 25% or 17% for BE or NZ apples, respectively, as all lost food travels in vain through the food chain and needs to be disposed of. Distribution:In scenario A, this sub-stage contributes between 41 and 85% to the overall impact along the chain. Due to its high contribution, it is the only hotspot in all but one impact category for the NZ apple chain. Looking for example at the CC impact of an average kilogram of NZ apples, the overseas refrigerated shipment is responsible for 0.65 kg CO 2 eq, which is 50% more than the total CC impact of the BE apple chain. Packaging:Secondary packaging is a hotspot for NZ apples in the MD impact category and is the second biggest contributor to the total chain impact of NZ apples in three other ICs assessed in scenario A (Table 5).3.3 Food waste along the chain: For climate change, for example, 0.09 kg CO 2 eq is associated with the share of NZ apples that enters the food chain but never makes it to the consumer. Another 0.08 kg CO 2 eq is associated with the share of NZ apples that does make it to the consumer but is in the end thrown away. In total, these impacts represent about 17% of the total chain impact of an average kilogram of NZ apples (Electronic Supplementary Material, Online Resource 2, sheet 10). […] Thus, only 75% or 83% of the CC impact associated with BE or NZ apples, respectively, corresponds to apples that are effectively consumed.4.1 Impact along the chain: Focusing on import produce, Mithraratne et al. (2008) concluded that total greenhouse gas emissions associated with NZ kiwifruit consumed in the UK are at 1.62 kg CO 2 eq per kg kiwi which is of the same magnitude as the NZ apples in this study (1.00 kg CO 2 eq per kg apples) despite the differing fruit and system boundaries (exclusion of repacking in Europe; higher food loss along the supply chain). […] In the present study, the overseas shipping stage contributed to 0.65 kg CO 2 eq per kg apple, which is The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.

Can Climate-Smart Agriculture Help to Assure Food Security Through Short Supply Chains? A Systematic Bibliometric and Bibliographic Literature Review

“…Shelf space in the store is very important when considering food loss and waste (Yang et al, 2017;Grzybowska et al, 2014). Research by Goossens et al (2019) has proved that secondary packaging in food loss, waste and food security aspects are very important and in some cases can create losses in the distribution stage, although customers can waste food as well. From another point of view, Wohner et al (2020) note that packaging itself is a problem due to shape, composition, and other factors.…”