Correction to: Photobiomodulation versus light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Langella, Luciana Gonçalves; Silva, Paula F. C.; Costa-Santos, Larissa; Gonçalves, Marcela Letícia Leal; Motta, Lara Jansiski; Deana, Alessandro Melo; Fernandes, Kristianne Porta Santos; Mesquita‐Ferrari, Raquel Agnelli; Bussadori, Sandra Kalil

doi:10.1186/s13063-018-3089-2

Trials

2018

DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3089-2

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Correction to: Photobiomodulation versus light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Luciana Gonçalves Langella

Paula F. C. Silva

Larissa Costa-Santos

et al.

Abstract: After publication of our article [1] some questions were raised by a reader. We are grateful to the Editors-in-Chief for inviting Anne-Marie Glenny (Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester) to assess these questions, our responses and our published article. As a result we are publishing this Erratum to clarify various points. These are as follows:

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Photobiomodulation with simultaneous use of red and infrared light emitting diodes in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial

Sousa

Gonçalves²,

Politti³

et al. 2019

Medicine

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Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is considered the main cause of orofacial pain of non-dental origin, and a public health problem. The symptomatology is muscular and/or articular pain, restriction of the mandibular range of motion, and changes in the mandibular movement pattern. Due to its complexity there are already treatments using various forms of therapy. Photobiomodulation using light sources, such as low-level laser or light emitting diodes (LED), with different wavelengths, in a single or combined form, allows one more therapeutic resource to be explored. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation with the simultaneous use of red and infrared LEDs, on pain, range of mandibular movements, and on the electrical activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with TMD. Methods: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial is proposed, which will involve 33 individuals (n = 11 per group) of both sexes, ages 18 to 45 years in 3 groups: LED group; placebo group; and control group, submitted to 6 non-consecutive sessions of photobiomodulation totaling 2 weeks of treatment. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders—RDC/TMD will be used to assess and determine the participants’ TMD. The pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale – VAS, the mandibular range of motion will be determined with the aid of a digital caliper, and the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles will be verified by electromyography. A mixed plate of 18 red LEDs—660 nm and 18 infrared LEDs—850 nm with power of 3.5 mW per LED, 4.45 mW/cm 2 , radiant exposure of 5.35 J/cm 2 , will be used for photobiomodulation. The irradiated area will be 14.13 cm 2 , and energy of 75.6 J, in the TMJ region and in the bilateral masseter and temporal muscles. Participants from all groups will be reassessed after the first therapeutic intervention, and at the end of treatment. Discussion: We expect the use of photobiomodulation with LEDs, infra and red, to reduce pain, improve temporomandibular joint function in patients with TMD, and thus improve the general conditions of the patient.

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Photobiomodulation with simultaneous use of red and infrared light emitting diodes in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial

Sousa

Gonçalves²,

Politti³

et al. 2019

Medicine

Self Cite

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ARM-Based Indoor RGB-LED Visible Light Communication System

Bao

Mai

Fang

et al. 2022

Scientific Programming

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As a new green solid-state light source, semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the advantages of low power consumption, small size, long life, short response time, and good modulation performance. At the same time, the frequency band to which LED light sources belong does not require regulatory registration, thus alleviating the current problem of spectrum scarcity for wireless communications. However, white LED-based visible light communication (VLC) systems suffer from limited bandwidth and low energy efficiency. Therefore, an ARM-based indoor RGB-LED VLC system is proposed. Firstly, the three RGB colours are mixed into white light, thus obtaining a larger modulation bandwidth than normal white LEDs while illuminating normally. Secondly, the S3C6410 processor is used to modulate and demodulate the RGB-LEDs with biased light OFDM, thus obtaining a high spectrum utilisation while ensuring system transmission stability. Then, according to the characteristics of the light source of the VLC system, the leading and window functions used in the optical network transceiver module are designed to improve the communication energy efficiency of the system. Finally, functional tests were carried out on an ARM development board. The experimental results show that with a single RGB-LED light source, the maximum transmission distance is 5 cm, the maximum average delay is 68 ms, the maximum throughput is 25 Mbps, and the BER is controlled below 3.2 × 10−3, which meets the basic communication requirements.

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Correction to: Photobiomodulation versus light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Photobiomodulation with simultaneous use of red and infrared light emitting diodes in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial

Photobiomodulation with simultaneous use of red and infrared light emitting diodes in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial

ARM-Based Indoor RGB-LED Visible Light Communication System

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