Correctional Facilities as Partners in Reducing HIV Disparities

Rich, Josiah D.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Levy, Judith A.; Lyda, Karen; Ruiz, Monica S.; Rosen, David L.; Dumont, D.

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e318292fe4c

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The period of incarceration has long been seen as a critical time for addressing public health concerns (79). Strengthening correctional programs that address mental illness, substance use, and STI/HIV risk are critical for protecting the health of men involved in the criminal justice system and may have positive effects of the health of their relationships and in turn their partners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STI/HIV Sexual Risk Behavior and Prevalent STI Among Incarcerated African American Men in Committed Partnerships: The Significance of Poverty, Mood Disorders, and Substance Use

et al. 2015

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African Americans face disproportionate sexually transmitted infection including HIV (STI/HIV), with those passing through a correctional facility at heightened risk. There is a need to identify modifiable STI/HIV risk factors among incarcerated African Americans. Project DISRUPT is a cohort study of incarcerated African American men recruited from September 2011 through January 2014 from prisons in North Carolina who were in committed partnerships with women at prison entry (N=207). During the baseline (in-prison) study visit, participants responded to a risk behavior survey and provided a urine specimen, which was tested for STIs. Substantial proportions reported multiple partnerships (42%), concurrent partnerships (33%), and buying sex (11%) in the six months before incarceration, and 9% tested positive for an STI at baseline (chlamydia: 5.3%, gonorrhea: 0.5%, trichomoniasis: 4.9%). Poverty and depression appeared to be strongly associated with sexual risk behaviors. Substance use was linked to prevalent STI, with binge drinking the strongest independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.79, 95% CI: 1.19–12.04). There is a continued need for improved prison-based STI testing, treatment, and prevention education as well as mental health and substance use diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STI/HIV Sexual Risk Behavior and Prevalent STI Among Incarcerated African American Men in Committed Partnerships: The Significance of Poverty, Mood Disorders, and Substance Use

et al. 2015

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“…27,28 Other factors that may contribute are poor access to health care upon release, substance use, mental health issues, unstable housing, and unemployment. 11,13,27,29–31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Correctional facilities are an important setting to provide HIV testing and service delivery for underserved, vulnerable populations who may be at risk for HIV/STDs. 2,11 …”

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confidence: 99%

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HIV Testing, HIV Positivity, and Linkage and Referral Services in Correctional Facilities in the United States, 2009–2013

Seth

Figueroa

Wang³

et al. 2015

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Background Because of health disparities, incarcerated persons are at higher risk for multiple health issues, including HIV. Correctional facilities have an opportunity to provide HIV services to an underserved population. This article describes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–funded HIV testing and service delivery in correctional facilities. Methods Data on HIV testing and service delivery were submitted to CDC by 61 health department jurisdictions in 2013. HIV testing, HIV positivity, receipt of test results, linkage, and referral services were described, and differences across demographic characteristics for linkage and referral services were assessed. Finally, trends were examined for HIV testing, HIV positivity, and linkage from 2009 to 2013. Results Of CDC-funded tests in 2013 among persons 18 years and older, 254,719 (7.9%) were conducted in correctional facilities. HIV positivity was 0.9%, and HIV positivity for newly diagnosed persons was 0.3%. Blacks accounted for the highest percentage of HIV-infected persons (1.3%) and newly diagnosed persons (0.5%). Only 37.9% of newly diagnosed persons were linked within 90 days; 67.5% were linked within any time frame; 49.7% were referred to partner services; and 45.2% were referred to HIV prevention services. There was a significant percent increase in HIV testing, overall HIV positivity, and linkage from 2009 to 2013. However, trends were stable for newly diagnosed persons. Conclusions Identification of newly diagnosed persons in correctional facilities has remained stable from 2009 to 2013. Correctional facilities seem to be reaching blacks, likely due to higher incarceration rates. The current findings indicate that improvements are needed in HIV testing strategies, service delivery during incarceration, and linkage to care postrelease.

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“…Correctional systems and prisoners could greatly benefit from closer alignment with community-based public health agencies to deliver some of the aforementioned services, 111,112 which may improve the quality of care and lower costs associated with HIV management, risk behaviors, care, and treatment. Improving and sustaining the likelihood of subsequent access to care for prisoners who are seropositive is critical to upholding and advancing human rights, and complies fully with the National HIV/AIDS strategy.…”

Section: Antiretroviral Treatment and Care Pre-and Post-releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Black Americans and Incarceration: A Neglected Public Health Opportunity for HIV Risk Reduction

Rowell-Cunsolo¹,

El‐Bassel²,

Hart³

2016

hpu

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Black Americans are incarcerated at disproportionate rates, largely due to racial differences in the application of drug laws. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates among Black Americans are also disproportionately high. Moreover, availability of and access to HIV prevention services in correctional settings are limited. Recognizing that Blacks are at an elevated risk of contracting HIV, and that incarceration worsens health outcomes, this paper addresses the importance of implementing comprehensive prison-based HIV programs and prevention interventions to improve the health of this vulnerable population. In the absence of a vaccine, prevention interventions can serve as an effective method of systematically addressing HIV-related health disparities. Prevention strategies offered within correctional settings provide a unique opportunity to engage a high-risk population when its members may be receptive to behavior modification.

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Correctional Facilities as Partners in Reducing HIV Disparities

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

STI/HIV Sexual Risk Behavior and Prevalent STI Among Incarcerated African American Men in Committed Partnerships: The Significance of Poverty, Mood Disorders, and Substance Use

STI/HIV Sexual Risk Behavior and Prevalent STI Among Incarcerated African American Men in Committed Partnerships: The Significance of Poverty, Mood Disorders, and Substance Use

HIV Testing, HIV Positivity, and Linkage and Referral Services in Correctional Facilities in the United States, 2009–2013

Black Americans and Incarceration: A Neglected Public Health Opportunity for HIV Risk Reduction

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