Correlates of Rural Methamphetamine and Cocaine Users: Results From a Multistate Community Study

Booth, Brenda M.; Leukefeld, Carl G.; Falck, Russel S.; Wang, Jichuan; Carlson, Robert G.

doi:10.15288/jsa.2006.67.493

Cited by 94 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A prospective, 3-year "natural history" study was conducted among recent (past-30-day) users of cocaine and/or methamphetamine who were not receiving formal substance use treatment at the time of study enrollment (Booth et al, 2006). The study took place in three rural counties in each of three states: Arkansas, Kentucky, and Ohio.…”

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially relevant in many rural areas of the United States, where formal substance use prevention and treatment resources are frequently scarce (Borders and Booth, 2007a;Fortney and Booth, 2001) and where cocaine and methamphetamine use are now substantial public health problems (Booth et al, 2006;Borders et al, 2008;Gfroerer et al, 2007). Moreover, there is evidence that the prevalence of AUDs differs by rural, suburban, and urban residence across various regions of the United States (Borders and Booth, 2007b), which points to a need to conduct rural and regionally specifi c research on the correlates of AUDs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stimulant Use, Religiosity, and the Odds of Developing or Maintaining an Alcohol Use Disorder Over Time

Borders

Boothc

2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:Little is known about whether cocaine or methamphetamine use, particularly among stimulant users residing in rural areas, is associated with increased odds of developing or maintaining an alcohol use disorder (AUD) over time. One factor that may help to protect some users against the development of an AUD is religiosity. This study examined how stimulant use and religiosity are associated longitudinally with the odds of an AUD among a rural population-based cohort of stimulant users. Method: Recent stimulant users (N = 710) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling and were interviewed every 6 months over a 3-year period. Concurrent and lagged generalized estimating equations analyses were conducted to estimate how past-30-day crack cocaine, powder cocaine, and methamphetamine use; religiosity; and other covariates were associated with the odds of an AUD. Results:At baseline, 56% of the participants met AUD criteria. The odds of an AUD declined signifi cantly over time in the concurrent, but not the lagged, model. Crack cocaine use was associated with increased odds of an AUD in both models, although the strength of the concurrent association between an AUD and crack cocaine use declined over time. Powder cocaine use and more frequent church attendance also were concurrently associated with decreased odds of an AUD. Conclusions: Rural stimulant users, especially those using cocaine, could potentially benefi t from treatment for both alcohol use and stimulant use. In addition, our fi ndings suggest that greater frequency of church attendance may be related to lower odds of the development or maintenance of an AUD. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 369-377, 2013)

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Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulant Use, Religiosity, and the Odds of Developing or Maintaining an Alcohol Use Disorder Over Time

Borders

Boothc

2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Data are from a natural-history study of 710 stimulant users residing in rural counties of Arkansas, Kentucky, and Ohio (Booth et al, 2006). Counties were classifi ed as rural according to the U.S. Offi ce of Management and Budget defi nition of a nonmetropolitan county, that is, a county with a population of 50,000 or fewer persons.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Multiple Substance Use: Results From a Three-Year Multisite Natural-History Study of Rural Stimulant Users

Booth¹,

Curran²,

Han³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Substance use is associated with poor mental health, but little is known regarding how use of multiple substances is associated with mental health, particularly longitudinally, in community studies. This article examines this issue in a large (N = 710), naturalhistory study of rural stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine) users in three states. Method: Respondent-driven sampling recruited recent (past-30-day) stimulant users in three counties each in Arkansas, Kentucky, and Ohio. Participants were interviewed every 6 months for 3 years. Mental health was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, and prior 6 months' substance use was measured for 17 possible substances. Data analysis used generalized estimating equations for longitudinal data with the Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory as the dependent variable at each interview and substance use as predictor variables measured by number of substances used in the past 6 months and, separately, the 17 individual substances, adjusting for use of substanceuse treatment, demographics, and recruitment site. Results: On average, both Global Severity Index score and use of many substances declined over the course of study. Global Severity Index score was signifi cantly associated with (a) greater number of substances used in the past 6 months (p < .0001) and (b) use of crack cocaine, methamphetamine, and nonprescription use of prescription painkillers and tranquilizers. Conclusions: Multiple and specifi c substances appear to incrementally increase psychological distress. Users of cocaine and methamphetamine are present in rural areas; these associations with poor psychological health raise concerns regarding availability of local treatment services for individuals with mental-health problems, as well as substance abuse. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 258-267, 2010)

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“…Although it is well known that single drug use is rare (3-7), there have been few studies investigating polydrug use [i.e., the ingestion of more than one drug (3)]. Indeed, polydrug use is associated with a unique set of consequences (8), including psychological morbidity/pathology (9)(10)(11), health risk behaviors (12) [e.g., HIV risk-taking (5)], difficulties engaging in drug-abuse therapy (13), and worse outcomes following drug-abuse treatment (14). Moreover, some studies indicated that the abuse of a higher number of substances was associated with more severe health outcomes (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent and simultaneous polydrug use among young Swiss males: use patterns and associations of number of substances used with health issues

Baggio¹,

Studer²,

Mohler‐Kuo

et al. 2014

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

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Background: Simultaneous polydrug use (SPU) may represent a greater incremental risk factor for human health than concurrent polydrug use (CPU). However, few studies have examined these patterns of use in relation to health issues, particularly with regard to the number of drugs used. Methods: In the present study, we have analyzed data from a representative sample of 5734 young Swiss males from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Exposure to drugs (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and 15 other illicit drugs), as well as mental, social and physical factors, were studied through regression analysis. Results: We found that individuals engaging in CPU and SPU followed the known stages of drug use, involving initial experiences with licit drugs (e.g., alcohol and tobacco), followed by use of cannabis and then other illicit drugs. In this regard, two classes of illicit drugs were identified, including first uppers, hallucinogens and sniffed drugs; and then "harder" drugs (ketamine, heroin, and crystal meth), which were only consumed by polydrug users who were already taking numerous drugs. Moreover, we observed an association between the number of drugs used simultaneously and social issues (i.e., social consequences and aggressiveness). In fact, the more often the participants simultaneously used substances, the more likely they were to experience social problems. In contrast, we did not find any relationship between SPU and depression, anxiety, health consequences, or health. Conclusions: We identified some associations with SPU that were independent of CPU. Moreover, we found that the number of concurrently used drugs can be a strong factor associated with mental and physical health, although their simultaneous use may not significantly contribute to this association. Finally, the negative effects related to the use of one substance might be counteracted by the use of an additional substance.

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Correlates of Rural Methamphetamine and Cocaine Users: Results From a Multistate Community Study

Cited by 94 publications

References 24 publications

Stimulant Use, Religiosity, and the Odds of Developing or Maintaining an Alcohol Use Disorder Over Time

Stimulant Use, Religiosity, and the Odds of Developing or Maintaining an Alcohol Use Disorder Over Time

Longitudinal Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Multiple Substance Use: Results From a Three-Year Multisite Natural-History Study of Rural Stimulant Users

Concurrent and simultaneous polydrug use among young Swiss males: use patterns and associations of number of substances used with health issues

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