Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Ikeda, Masayuki; Shimbo, Shinichiro; Watanabe, Takao; Yamagami, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s00420-005-0069-0

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Trace levels of Cd are found in rice, a staple of the Japanese diet. 23,24) Also, Pb is a contaminant of various foods and food ingredients, especially vegetables. 25) Furthermore, the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011 resulted in the release of significant amounts of radioactive materials into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Physical Parameters of Various Metal Ions and Binding Affinity for Alginate

Idota

Kogure

Katō

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Key words alginate; toxic metal; binding mechanism; affinity Metal ions absorbed via the intestinal tract, respiratory system or skin can cause serious damage to various internal organs, depending on their type and amount. For example, lead (Pb) causes acute damage to the central nervous system, and chronic damage to the kidney and hematopoetic and nervous systems.1,2) Long-term, low-dose exposure to cadmium (Cd) damages the lung (chronic bronchitis, fibrosis, emphysema), kidney (renal tubular degeneration, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, diabetes, proteinuria), and bone (fake fracture, osteomalacia).3) Cadmium is well known to induce itai-itai disease (kidney tubular damage and osteomalacia), 4) and moreover, it is carcinogenic. 3,5) In addition, aluminum (Al) causes encephalopathy and osteodystrophy, 6,7) and copper (Cu) causes hemolytic anemia and gastroenteritis. 8) In the case of acute oral exposure, damage can be reduced by immediate treatments such as induction of vomiting and/or the use of a laxative to promote excretion of the metal. In addition, chelating agents can be administered; for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and dimercaptopropionylsulfonate are used as antidotes for Pb poisoning, 9-11) and dimercaprol is used for detoxification of Pb and Cu.11,12) However, in the case of chronic exposure, it is essential to use intrinsically safe absorption inhibitors and/or excretion accelerators that are suitable for long-term administration.Alginate (Alg), an intercellular polysaccharide found in brown algae, is used as a health food and food additive to reduce cholesterol in the blood and to inhibit weight gain. [13][14][15] It also protects the gastric mucous membrane.16) Moreover, it was reported that accumulation of strontium (Sr) in the human body decreased when sodium alginate (Na-Alg) was ingested before exposure to Sr. 17) Further, when rats pre-fed with NaAlg for ten days were administered Sr, the cumulative amount of Sr in the body was markedly reduced, compared with the control group.18) Consequently, it has been suggested that daily intake of Na-Alg would offer protection against radiation damage from radioactive fall-out by decreasing the absorption of radioactive Sr. Accordingly, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has recommended Na-Alg intake for persons exposed to large amounts of radioactive Sr. 19)We have compared the effects of Na-Alg and Ca-Alg in promoting excretion and decreasing absorption of Sr and cesium (Cs) in rats. 20) Both additives increased the excretion of Sr, though Cs concentration was significantly reduced only in the Ca-Alg group. There have been some reports describing the capacity of Alg for metal binding and the order of affinity between Alg and metals. 21,22) However, there is little information about the relationship between the physical parameters of various metal ions and the binding affinity of these metal ions for Alg. Therefore we performed range and limitation tests of the adapting metals by evaluating the binding constants and the b...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Physical Parameters of Various Metal Ions and Binding Affinity for Alginate

Idota

Kogure

Katō

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Eventually, the link was made to locally grown rice irrigated with cadmium-contaminated river water from the Kamioka Copper Mine (Imamura et al 2007;Arao et al 2010). Dietary consumption of rice was and still is almost exclusively the source of cadmium intake, and given the government's promotion of rice as the meal staple, clearly, the contamination issue needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency (Tsukahara et al 2003;Ikeda et al 2004Ikeda et al , 2006. Regulation of cadmium contamination of food and agricultural soils began in the 1970s, but the levels of cadmium in Japanese people were still found to be highest among other East and Southeast Asian countries during the 1990s (Watanabe et al 1996;Ikeda et al 2000;Arao et al 2010).…”

Section: Environmental Impacts and Public Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strawberry fields forever? Urban agriculture in developed countries: a review

Mok

Williamson

Grove

et al. 2013

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

374

246

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Food production in cities has long been a tradition in many countries around the world and a mainstream activity for many developed countries. While urban agriculture plays an important role in increasing food security and social well-being, it comes with significant costs and constraints. Here, we review the growth of urban agriculture throughout the developed world in order to clarify the different benefits, risks, and hindrances associated with the practice. Through this analysis, we identify the need for better understanding of the following five aspects if urban agriculture is to make a meaningful contribution to food security and social well-being in the future: (1) the impacts of continued urban sprawl and loss of peri-urban agricultural land; (2) appropriate government and institutional support at local, regional, and country levels; (3) the role of urban agriculture in self-sufficiency of cities; (4) the risks posed by pollutants from agriculture to urban ecosystems and from urban ecosystems to agriculture; and (5) the carbon footprint of urban agriculture and use of "food miles." If urban agriculture is to have a legitimate place in resolving the global food crisis as advocates claim, then it is time to take urban agriculture seriously and assess more rigorously both the positive and negative impacts, especially carbon emissions. Only then can the world's limited resources be properly allocated to the development of urban agriculture.

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“…Cd-D was influenced by local soil as represented by sediments in local rivers 37,38) . In 1997-1998, Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries conducted a survey in which 37,250 brown rice samples were collected and analyzed for Cd contents.…”

Section: Supplemental Survey In Six Prefectures In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Exposure in General Populations in Japan: a Review

et al. 2015

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Cadmium (Cd) intake via diet (Cd-D) has been a long-standing focus of administrative as well as public concern in Japan after the endemic of Itai-itai disease (chronic cadmium poisoning). The aim of this report was to review cadmium exposure in Japan by introducing publications from our study group and related articles. Literature survey disclosed that Cd-D was high (up to 100 µg/day) in 1960s even in non-polluted areas. Such high Cd-D levels were followed by gradual decreases in 1970s-1980s to current level of well below 20 µg/day. Once, a very high Cd-D (600 µg/day) was reported for a Cd-polluted area. Replacement of Cd-polluted rice paddy soil with clean soil resulted in substantial reduction in riceassociated Cd-D. In large-scale surveys in 10 prefectures all over Japan conducted early in 2000s, the geometric mean (GM) of Cd-U cr (Cd in urine as corrected for creatinine concentration) was 1.26 µg/g cr, but was higher in one north-west sea coast prefecture in Honshu Island (>3 µg/g cr). Supplemental survey in 6 neighboring prefectures on the sea coast disclosed that Cd-U cr in some prefectures were higher as compared with the national average. It was reported that Cd in brown rice was also high. However no clear-cut indication was detected to suggest renal tubular dysfunctions. Surveys in major cities in East and South-East Asia in 1980s-1990s made it clear that Cd-D was substantially lower there than in Japanese cities; Cd exposure of general populations was almost exclusively from foods. Statistical analysis revealed that tubular dysfunction markers increased sharply when Cd-U cr exceeded 10-12 µg/g cr. The Cd-U cr level of 11 µg/g cr corresponded to Cd-D level of 59 µg/day. This level was in agreement with the tolerable weekly intake of 7 µg/kg body weight/week, the value recommended by the Food Safety Commission of Japan.

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Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Abstract: Correlation was demonstrated in the flow of Cd transport from the environment (expressed as Cd contents in river sediments) to humans (in terms of Cd in urine) among general populations in Japan.

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Relationship between Physical Parameters of Various Metal Ions and Binding Affinity for Alginate

Relationship between Physical Parameters of Various Metal Ions and Binding Affinity for Alginate

Strawberry fields forever? Urban agriculture in developed countries: a review

Cadmium Exposure in General Populations in Japan: a Review

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