Correlation between air quality and lung cancer incidence: A county by county analysis

Hughes, Byron D.; Maharsi, Safa; Obiarinze, Ruth; Mehta, Hemal B.; Nishi, Shawn P.E.; Okereke, Ikenna

doi:10.1016/j.surg.2019.05.036

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In our study, there were no associations with nodule size and air quality index, and all individuals resided in areas with satisfactory air quality. The association of the air quality index and ILN size has not been explored, but previous studies have demonstrated signi cant associations with a higher air quality index and increased lung cancer incidence [31]. While no relationship was present in our study, it will be interesting to assess how SES and air quality impact ILN size in areas with more pollution.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Status and Nodule Sizementioning

confidence: 52%

Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Incidental Lung Nodules at an Urban Safety Net Hospital

Fernandes,

Milla,

Gubran

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Lower socioeconomic status has been identified as an emerging risk factor for health disparities, including lung cancer outcomes. Most research investigating these outcomes includes patients from formal lung cancer screening programs. There is a paucity of studies assessing the relationship between socioeconomic status and incidental lung nodules. This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and the size of incidental lung nodules on initial presentation at an urban safety net hospital, which did not have a formal lung cancer screening program or incidental lung nodule program. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with incidental lung nodules on CT chest imaging who were referred from primary care to a pulmonology clinic at a safety net hospital. Patients with incomplete nodule characteristics information were excluded. Data on demographics, comorbidities, smoking history, insurance type, immigration status, and geographical factors were collected. Less commonly studied determinants such as crime index, cost of living, and air quality index were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess relationships between nodule size and socioeconomic determinants. Results: Out of 3,490 patients with chest CT scans, 268 patients with ILNs were included in the study. 84.7% of patients represented racial or ethnic minorities, and most patients (67.8%) had federal insurance. Patients with non-commercial insurance were more likely to have larger, inherently higher-risk nodules (> 8mm) compared to those with commercial insurance (OR 2.18, p 0.01). Patients from areas with higher unemployment rates were also less likely (OR 0.75, p 0.04) to have smaller nodules (< 6mm). Patients representing racial or ethnic minorities were also more likely to have nodules > 8mm (OR 1.6, p 0.24), and less likely to have nodules < 6mm (OR 0.6, p 0.32), however, these relationships were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study found that lower socioeconomic status, indicated by having non-commercial insurance, was associated with larger incidental lung nodule size on initial presentation. While it is established that socioeconomic status is associated with disparities in lung cancer screening, these findings suggest that inequalities may also be present in those with incidental lung nodules. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop interventions to address these disparities in incidental lung nodule outcomes.

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Section: Socioeconomic Status and Nodule Sizementioning

confidence: 52%

Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Incidental Lung Nodules at an Urban Safety Net Hospital

Fernandes,

Milla,

Gubran

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Lung cancer now becomes the second most frequent human cancer and a dominant cause of cancer-associated death worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. Accompanied by high morbidity and mortality, lung cancer threatens public health, and increasing air pollution, especially in developing countries worsens the situation [ 3 , 4 ]. Among all the cases of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) takes the highest proportion (approximately 85%) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wilms’ tumour gene 1 (WT1) enhances non-small cell lung cancer malignancy and is inhibited by microRNA-498-5p

Li,

An,

Pan

et al. 2023

BMC Cancer

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Background Wilms’ tumour gene 1 (WT1) is clearly recognized as a tumour promoter in diversiform of human malignancies. Nevertheless, knowledge of its expression, functions and potential molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. Methods Differential expression of WT1 mRNA and protein between NSCLC and normal tissues were assessed by analyzing RNA-seq data from Oncomine and protein data from Human Protein Atlas, respectively. Subsequently, prognosis significance and immune cell infiltration were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter and CIBERSORT. 60 pairs of local NSCLC tissues were involved to validate WT1 expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Moreover, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell, dual luciferase reporter assays and in vivo xenograft tumour growth experiments were conducted to explore the function and mechanism of WT1 in NSCLC. Results Our solid data indicated that WT1 was increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines in comparison with their matched controls. In particular, its upregulation correlated with worse prognosis and immune infiltration of the patients. Functional assays demonstrated that knockdown of WT1 inhibited NSCLC malignancy, including inhibiting cell proliferation, survival and invasion. Further exploration discovered that microRNA-498-5p (miR-498-5p) was the upstream suppressor of WT1 by directly targeting the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of WT1 mRNA. Moreover, expression of miR-498-5p was notably decreased and inversely correlated with WT1 in NSCLC tissues. Finally, we proved that miR-498-5p was a potent tumour suppressor in NSCLC by suppressing cell proliferation, survival and invasion, while WT1 restoration could in turn disrupt this suppression both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion The abnormal increase in WT1 contributes to the malignant properties of NSCLC cells, and miR-498-5p is a natural inhibitor of WT1. Our findings might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies against NSCLC in the future.

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“…Genetic and molecular markers, as well as CTbased biomarkers beyond lung nodules have been suggested [10,11]. Very recently, air pollution as environmental factor was reported as another predictive factor for lung cancer [12]. Currently no validated risk prediction model incorporates such biomarkers or genetic susceptibility variants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-source data approach for personalized outcome prediction in lung cancer screening: update from the NELSON trial

et al. 2023

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Trials show that low-dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening in long-term (ex-)smokers reduces lung cancer mortality. However, many individuals were exposed to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. This project aims to improve the efficiency of lung cancer screening by identifying high-risk participants, and improving risk discrimination for nodules. This study is an extension of the Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial, with a focus on personalized outcome prediction (NELSON-POP). New data will be added on genetics, air pollution, malignancy risk for lung nodules, and CT biomarkers beyond lung nodules (emphysema, coronary calcification, bone density, vertebral height and body composition). The roles of polygenic risk scores and air pollution in screen-detected lung cancer diagnosis and survival will be established. The association between the AI-based nodule malignancy score and lung cancer will be evaluated at baseline and incident screening rounds. The association of chest CT imaging biomarkers with outcomes will be established. Based on these results, multisource prediction models for pre-screening and post-baseline-screening participant selection and nodule management will be developed. The new models will be externally validated. We hypothesize that we can identify 15–20% participants with low-risk of lung cancer or short life expectancy and thus prevent ~140,000 Dutch individuals from being screened unnecessarily. We hypothesize that our models will improve the specificity of nodule management by 10% without loss of sensitivity as compared to assessment of nodule size/growth alone, and reduce unnecessary work-up by 40–50%.

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Correlation between air quality and lung cancer incidence: A county by county analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Incidental Lung Nodules at an Urban Safety Net Hospital

Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Incidental Lung Nodules at an Urban Safety Net Hospital

Wilms’ tumour gene 1 (WT1) enhances non-small cell lung cancer malignancy and is inhibited by microRNA-498-5p

Multi-source data approach for personalized outcome prediction in lung cancer screening: update from the NELSON trial

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