Correlation Between Bactrocera Oleae Infestation and Camarosporium Dalmaticum Infection in an Olive Area of Southern Italy

Iannotta, N.; Belfiore, T.; Noce, Maria Elena; Scalercio, Stefano; Vizzarri, Veronica

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2012.949.45

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As can be seen in the Venn diagram, there was an apparent symbiotic interaction between the three agents as follows: midges were found to always appear on fruits showing escudete symptoms, and escudete always appeared on fruits with fly wounds. Furthermore, when we conducted a Pearson correlation analysis, a positive correlation between the three agents was indicated, as has been previously reported [29,30]. On the one hand, a strong positive correlation was found between the injury caused by the olive flies and the presence of both P. berlesiana and B. dothidea (where the correlation coefficient values were 0.94 and 0.96, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Olive escudete, which is caused by B. dothidea, is a disease that exclusively affects olive fruit and has been reported in several Mediterranean countries [4]. Several investigations have related the development of escudete disease to the presence of olive fly punctures [11][12][13][14][15][20][21][22][23]25,27,[29][30][31][32]. However, certain authors have suggested that the fungus of B. dothidea (i.e., the causative agent) grows in the wounds of olives punctured by B. oleae after being transmitted by the P. berlesiana cecidomyiid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olive Escudete (Dalmatian Disease) Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea as a Result of Fly–Midge–Fungus Interaction

Aldebis,

Santos-Rufo,

Eldesouki-Arafat

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Escudete, which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a disease that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin, but is of little general importance. Nevertheless, serious attacks have been observed on occasion, which have caused a considerable reduction in the quality of table olives. The incidence of the pathogen has been associated with damage caused by the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) and the presence of a possible vector agent, i.e., the midge Prolasioptera berlesiana, whose larvae can feed on fly eggs (although the role the midge may play in the spread of this disease is not well known). Therefore, it is necessary to clarify these interactions to adopt appropriate disease control measures. Studies were conducted in olive orchards planted with the Gordal Sevillana, Picudo, and Hojiblanca olive cultivars. Field surveys were carried out in order to sample their fruits for laboratory analysis, and several bioassays were also performed. Moreover, the population of B. oleae adults was monitored using traps that were baited with food attractants. The results indicated that the three agents developed and evolved in parallel under field conditions. Thus, the midges were attracted by the oviposition punctures caused in fruits by olive fruit flies, regardless of whether the punctures contained eggs. All the investigated olive fruits in which midges were present inside punctures created by olive fruit flies exhibited typical symptoms of escudete, which is necessary for the development of this disease. Forty-eight hours after fly punctures were artificially simulated in the olive fruits, 48.0% of them contained a midge, whereas no midges appeared in the artificially created shapeless wounds in the fruits. This indicates that an olive fly egg is not required for the development of midges; however, they do prefer punctures made by B. oleae. Moreover, when the olive fruits were incubated in a humid chamber, the B. dothidea fungus only appeared in those fruits that contained midges, thus indicating a close relationship between these two agents. Additionally, the midges were able to complete their entire development from egg to adult under controlled conditions, and they fed on the pure cultures of the B. dothidea fungus. Furthermore, although no pathogens were present in the immature midges, some of the pathogens could have been isolated from the inner tissues of the adult female midges. The fact that mycangia is present in the abdomen of P. berlesiana supports the hypothesis that their relationship with B. dothidea may be mutualistic and that they may act as a vector for the fungus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Escudete (Dalmatian Disease) Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea as a Result of Fly–Midge–Fungus Interaction

Aldebis,

Santos-Rufo,

Eldesouki-Arafat

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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“…The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important pest of olive crops worldwide and a key-pest in the Mediterranean region. The impact of the olive fly is considerably high, causing production losses due to pulp spoilage, fruit drop, and contamination of olives with microorganisms (Iannota et al, 2012), compromising the commercial classification of olive products, reducing olive oil quality, composition and functional properties (Pereira et al , 2004), and causing an overall unprecedented economic impact (Malheiro et al , 2015 a ). Nevertheless, this impact varies considerably among cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive cultivar and maturation process on the oviposition preference ofBactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Malheiro

Casal

Pinheiro

et al. 2018

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key-pest in the main olives producing areas worldwide, and displays distinct preference to different olive cultivars. The present work intended to study oviposition preference towards three Portuguese cultivars (Cobrançosa, Madural, and Verdeal Transmontana) at different maturation indexes. Multiple oviposition bioassays (multiple-choice and no-choice) were conducted to assess cultivar preference. No-choice bioassays were conducted to assess the influence of different maturation indexes (MI 2; MI 3, and MI 4) in single cultivars. The longevity of olive fly adults according to the cultivar in which its larvae developed was also evaluated through survival assays. Cultivar and maturation are crucial aspects in olive fly preference. Field and laboratory assays revealed a preference towards cv. Verdeal Transmontana olives and a lower susceptibility to cv. Cobrançosa olives. A higher preference was observed for olives at MI 2 and MI 3. The slower maturation process in cv. Verdeal Transmontana (still green while the other cultivars are reddish or at black stage) seems to have an attractive effect on olive fly females, thus increasing its infestation levels. Olive fly adults from both sexes live longer if emerged from pupae developed from cv. Verdeal Transmontana fruits and live less if emerged from cv. Cobrançosa. Therefore, olive cultivar and maturation process are crucial aspects in olive fly preference, also influencing the longevity of adults.

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Toxicity and physiological interruptions of a proteinaceous toxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against the olive fruit pest, Bacterocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Juibari

Zibaee

Mozhdehi

2023

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Correlation Between Bactrocera Oleae Infestation and Camarosporium Dalmaticum Infection in an Olive Area of Southern Italy

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Olive Escudete (Dalmatian Disease) Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea as a Result of Fly–Midge–Fungus Interaction

Olive Escudete (Dalmatian Disease) Caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea as a Result of Fly–Midge–Fungus Interaction

Olive cultivar and maturation process on the oviposition preference ofBactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Toxicity and physiological interruptions of a proteinaceous toxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against the olive fruit pest, Bacterocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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