Correlation between Bipolar Affective Disorder and Suicide reviewing by the risk factors: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Because there are several reports associations between affective (AD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the research develops a discussion of risk factors that influence the occurrence of suicide attempts in patients with BD. Objectives:To relate risk factors present in patients with bipolar disorder who committed suicide or some suicide attempt. Methods:A survey was made in Scopus with the keyword "bipolar" and the terms "suicide" and "attempted"and "risk factors" from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We use only Scopus as the data source, and the statistical information available in tables and graphs provided from this source. Results:Frequently the AD and BD were associated with suicide occurrence in the studies included in this review. They identified the main risk factors for suicide the previous suicide attempt and hopelessness. The main risk factors for nonfatal suicidal behavior included family history of suicide, early onset of bipolar disorder, extent of depressive symptoms, increasing severity of affective episodes, the presence of mixed affective states, rapid cycling, comorbid Axis I disorders, and abuse of alcohol or drugs. The suicide rate in this disorder reaches three times compared with other mental illnesses, and there are several risk factors: 3:1 ratio of suicide in men compared to women, but in females a greater number of attempts are observed. 25% of persons consume alcohol prior to suicidal attempt. The studies relate these factors and show how they can pose a risk to the carrier of the disorder. There are other risk factor for BD discussed on this review. IntroductionBipolar affective disorder (BD) is characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania and / or mania. BD has been responsible for the higher rate of suicidal behavior compared to any other mental disorder [1,2]. It is a potentially lethal disease with a high risk of suicide completed, which again is associated with a history of suicide attempts [2]. During life, about 61% of patients with BD experiencing suicidal ideation, 25% to 56% will attempt suicide, and between 10% and 19% die from suicide2. Several studies suggest that previous suicide attempts of bipolar patients may indicate that they are over than 50% more likely to complete suicide [2]. A better understanding of the characteristics and risk factors related to suicide attempts is the first step to prevent future attempts and early detection of risk patients [1,2].Suicide is a tragic potential outcome for patients with bipolar disorder, and unfortunately, this event is not uncommon. Twenty-five percent to 50% of all bipolar patients have been found to attempt suicide at leart once in their lifetime, with 11% to 19% of bipolar patients eventually dying of suicide and standardized mortality ratio for suicide of 12.3 [3-7].There is evidence that suicide rates among mood disorder patients are more than 20-fold higher than in the general population and that suicidal behavior is much more lethal in bipolar disorder than in the general populati...