Correlation between cephalic index and facial index in skeletal malocclusions – An analytical cross-sectional study

Antony, Vincy; Prachodh, C A; Shaloob, Muhamed; Parayaruthottam, Prathapan; Nayaz, Mohamed; Raheesh, Muhammed

doi:10.18231/j.jco.2022.030

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…More recently, one of the major goals of orthognathic surgery is facial aesthetics [26]. Prachodh et al [27] has associated cranial and facial indices with malocclusion. Trauma or congenital abnormalities can deform the face by disrupting joints or bones of the face.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria

Chijioke Mmadueke Okeke,

Ukoha Ukoha

2024

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Objective: To determine the cranial index, upper facial index and frontal index of dry human crania in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 150 dry adult male crania were studied in two geopolitical zones (Southeast and Southsouth) in Nigeria. Measurements were taken with spreading caliper and Vernier caliper. The following variables were measured: Maximum cranial length (MCL, g-op), Maximum cranial breadth (MCB, eu-eu), Minimum frontal breadth (MFB, ft–ft), Upper facial height (UFH, n-pr) and Bizygomatic breadth (BZB, zy-zy). From these variables, cranial index (CI), frontal index (FI) and upper facial index (UFI) were calculated. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Result: In the Southeast group, the values of MCL, MCB, BZB, UFH and MFB (in mm) were 181.4 (±10.3), 135.3 (±6.7), 135.3 (±6.0), 68.0 (±4.1) and 97.9 (±7.4) respectively. In the Southsouth group, the values of MCL, MCB, BZB, UFH and MFB (in mm) were 180.0 (±7.8), 133.9 (±6.7), 135.0 (±7.2), 67.5 (±6.6), and 98.1 (±4.9) respectively. There was no significant difference in these means between the Southeast and Southsouth groups. In the Southeast group, the mean values of CI, FI and UFI (in %) were 75.1 (±5.9), 72.7 (±5.9), and 50.5 (±3.4) respectively. In the Southsouth group the mean values of CI, FI and UFI (in %) were 74.5 (±4.0), 73.3 (±3.6) and 50.0 (±4.4) respectively. There was no significant difference in the means of the cranial indices among the two groups. Conclusion: The crania in the southern part of Nigeria are dolichocephalic, eurymetopia and mesene type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria

Chijioke Mmadueke Okeke,

Ukoha Ukoha

2024

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Craniofacial Measurements and Indices Trends in Latvian Children Aged 1–15

Grabcika,

Kazoka,

Vetra

et al. 2024

Children

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Craniofacial development is a critical aspect of pediatric growth, influencing fields such as physical anthropology, pediatrics, forensic sciences, and clinical practice. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the trends in craniofacial measurements and indices in Latvian children aged 1–15. Methods: The anthropometrical measurements (head circumference, length, width, facial length, and width) were conducted on 375 children according to the guidelines by R. Martin, K. Saller, and J. Prīmanis at the Anthropology laboratory at the Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University. The cephalic index (CI) and the facial or prosopic index (PI) were calculated, allowing for a detailed examination of cranial and facial proportions. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Pearson Chi-square test and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The findings revealed a consistent increase in head circumference with age, with boys generally having slightly larger heads than girls. The boys and girls exhibited growth in head length and width, particularly noticeable between 1 and 2 years of age. Facial length and width increased with age, with boys typically having longer facial lengths and broader faces than girls. The most common cephalic index category is mesocephaly, which accounts for 52.85% of the population, followed by dolichocephaly at 32.94%. Brachycephaly and hyperbrachycephaly are less prevalent, representing 11.36% and 2.86% of the population. Regarding the facial index categories, hypereuryprosopic is the most prevalent, representing 45.54% of the population, closely followed by euryprosopic at 43.74%. Mesoprosopic is significantly less common, representing only 9.95%. The least common categories are leptoprosopic and hyperleptoprosopic, with prevalences of 0.64% and 0.12%, respectively. The indices analysis showed variations across age groups, with dolichocephaly being more common at younger ages and decreasing over time. Brachycephaly and hyperbrachycephaly remained relatively stable or decreased slightly with age, while mesocephaly displayed less variation. The relationship between the FI and CI in younger age groups was typically weak to moderate and inverse, with a significance level of p < 0.001 or p < 0.01. However, no meaningful correlation was observed in older children aged 14–15. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the craniofacial development of Latvian children, highlighting the measurements, cranial and facial types, and their variations across age groups.

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Correlation between cephalic index and facial index in skeletal malocclusions – An analytical cross-sectional study

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria

Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria

Craniofacial Measurements and Indices Trends in Latvian Children Aged 1–15

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