Correlation Between Cephalometric Measures and End-of-Treatment Facial Attractiveness

Abstract

Sixty-nine experienced Chinese orthodontists evaluated 108 Chinese patients' facial attractiveness from set of photographs (frontal, lateral, and frontal smiling photos) taken at the end of orthodontic treatment. These 108 patients, which contained an equal number of patients with Class I, II, and III malocclusion, were randomly selected from 6 orthodontic treatment centers throughout China. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients (rs) analyses were performed to examine agreement in ranking between all judge pairs. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were performed to examine the correlation between cephalometric measures and end-of-treatment Photo Attractiveness Rank.96.68% judge pairs showed moderate correlated (+0.4 ≤ rs < +0.7) subjective rankings. Cephalometric measures significantly correlated with end-of-treatment Photo Attractiveness Rank included interincisal angle (r = 0.330, P < 0.05), L1/MP° (r = 0.386, P < 0.05), L1-NBmm (r = 0.451, P < 0.01), L1/NB° (r = 0.374, P < 0.05), and profile angle (r = 0.353, P < 0.05) in Class I patients with an explained variance of 32.8%, and ANB angle (r = 0.432, P < 0.01), angle of convexity (r = 0.448, P < 0.01), profile angle (r = 0.488, P < 0.01), Li to E-line (r = 0.374, P < 0.05), Li to B-line (r = 0.543, P < 0.01), and Z angle (r = 0.543, P < 0.01) in Class II patient with an explained variance of 43.3%.There was less association than expected between objective measurements on the lateral cephalograms and clinicians' rankings of facial attractiveness on clinical photography in Chinese patients. Straight-stand lower incisor was desired for facial attractiveness of Class I malocclusion; and sagittal relationship and lip prominence influence the esthetics of Class II malocclusion in Chinese population.

The facial profile in brazilian adults

“…But clinically, this difference cannot be considered relevant. Leichsenring et al 12 found a mean of 71.75 degrees and Yu et al 13 found a mean of 68.33 for the Z-Angle in a study conducted with Chinese patients with normal occlusion and balanced profiles, values lower than the 77.93 degrees found in this study. This is probably due to age differences between the samples and can be attributed to the early maturation of girls 14 .…”

Torque expression by active and passive self‐ligating brackets in patients with four premolar extractions: A retrospective study

“…3 In the present study, higher facial inclination of maxil- enough, especially in patients with anterior crowding. 17,35 Further…”

“…The nature of the present retrospective study may potentially affect the data explanation. For example, the perception of incisor inclination and smiling by the clinicians, patients and their parents would fundamentally affect the final position of incisors to lips, thereby impacting cephalometric inclination of upper and lower incisors 35 . In addition, lack of case randomization as well as clinical preference of the appliances may contribute to a selection bias.…”

“…Further randomized controlled trials, which include multivariable analyses of clinical procedures, such as elastics, archwire twisting and curving, are required to uncover the influence of brackets on the torque control. Moreover, compared to CBCT, measurements of incisor inclination on cephalometric radiograph are not precise enough, especially in patients with anterior crowding 17,35 . Further CBCT‐based studies may lend more evidence to torque expression of the two SLBs.…”

The Esthetic Difference of Chinese Beauty Evaluated by Two Different Human Races Based on Three-Dimensional Average Face Analysis

“…In spite of the core situation of facial beauty in our orthodontic specialty, the definition of facial attractiveness is still a matter of debate. 3 – 5 Esthetical standards are subjective opinions which vary with every individual, influenced by occupational experiences, regional disparities, ethnicities and genders. 3 , 6 – 9 The deviation between orthodontists and patients about aesthetics has become a relevant point on the satisfaction of the orthodontic treatment.…”