Correlation between radon exhalation and radium content in granite samples used as construction material in Saudi Arabia

Al-Jarallah, M.I.; Fazal-ur-Rehman, .; Musazay, M.S.; Aksoy, A.

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.02.018

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Radon flux for these stones has been previously reported to range from 0.01 to 13.5 Bq/m 2 /h among B500 samples of structural and unidentified granite building materials obtained from several nations of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East (Khan et al, 1992;Chao and Tung, 1999;El-Dine et al, 2001;al-Jarallah, 2001;al-Jarallah et al, 2001al-Jarallah et al, , 2005Petropoulos et al, 2002;Fazal ur et al, 2003;Stoulos et al, 2003;Sundar et al, 2003;Arafa, 2004;Osmanlioglu, 2006;Singh et al, 2008;Sonkawade et al, 2008). The extent to which the granite samples examined in those studies represent inventories of natural stone countertops has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessing exposure to granite countertops—part 2: Radon

Allen¹,

Minegishi²,

Myatt³

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Radon gas ( 222 Rn) is a natural constituent of the environment and a risk factor for lung cancer that we are exposed to as a result of radioactive decay of radium ( 226 Ra) in stone and soil. Granite countertops, in particular, have received recent media attention regarding their potential to emit radon. Radon flux was measured on 39 full slabs of granite from 27 different varieties to evaluate the potential for exposure and examine determinants of radon flux. Flux was measured at up to six pre-selected locations on each slab and also at areas identified as potentially enriched after a full-slab scan using a Geiger-Muller detector. Predicted indoor radon concentrations were estimated from the measured radon flux using the CONTAM indoor air quality model. Whole-slab average emissions ranged from less than limit of detection to 79.4 Bq/m 2 /h (median 3.9 Bq/m 2 /h), similar to the range reported in the literature for convenience samples of small granite pieces. Modeled indoor radon concentrations were less than the average outdoor radon concentration (14.8 Bq/m 3 ; 0.4 pCi/l) and average indoor radon concentrations (48 Bq/m 3 ; 1.3 pCi/l) found in the United States. Significant within-slab variability was observed for stones on the higher end of whole slab radon emissions, underscoring the limitations of drawing conclusions from discrete samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessing exposure to granite countertops—part 2: Radon

Allen¹,

Minegishi²,

Myatt³

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Numerous works (Abbady et al, 2005;Abdel Hady et al, 1994;El Afifi, 2006;Al-Jarallah, 2001;Al-Jarallah et al, 2005;Arafa, 2004;Asghar et al, 2008;Badhan et al, 2009;Canbaz et al, 2010;El-Amri et al, 2003;Fazal-ur-Rehman et al, 2003;Fokianos et al, 2007;Haquin, 2008;Iqbal et al, 2000;Kitto et al, 2009;Myatt et al, 2010;Mustonen, 1985a,b;Ningappa et al, 2008;Osmanlioglou, 2006;Pavlidou et al, 2006;Rahman et al, 2008;Petropoulos et al, 2002;Quindos et al, 1988;Sahoo et al, 2007;Al-Selah and AlBerzan, 2007;Sengupta et al, 2009;Sonkawade et al, 2008;El-Taher et al, 2007;Tzortzis et al, 2003;Walley El-Dine et al, 2001;Xinwei, 2006;Yang et al, 2005) have quantified the 40 K, U-nat, and 232 Th activity concentrations, in Bq/kg, in specific stones and other building materials. In order to estimate the health risks, these studies commonly provide the values of various hazard indices (Beretka and Matthew, 1985;Malanca et al, 1993;Hayumbu et al, 1995), and/or the dose rates at a distance above a large area of the material using the UNSCEAR scale factors (Beck, 1972;Kohshi et al, 2001;UNSCEAR, 1988;UNSCEAR, 1...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity concentrations and dose rates from decorative granite countertops

Llope¹

2011

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…18 As the main source of radon is uranium, the radon concentration in the earth's crust shows varying values between regions. 75 Thus, the allowable limit values for radon concentration FIGURE 7 Relationship between substitution rate and cost savings FIGURE 8 Relationship between compressive strength and cost savings FIGURE 9 CO 2 emissions throughout the world due to cement production FIGURE 10 CO 2 emissions according productions from different binder combinations varies between countries. 19 While this value is 200 Bq/m 3 for England, it is 400 Bq/m 3 for European countries, 200 Bq/m 3 for newly constructed buildings, and 800 Bq/m 3 in Canada.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Wg In Terms Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐green cementitious materials from waste granite by considering the environmental, economic, and health impacts: A review

Arel

Shaikh

2018

Structural Concrete

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In this review, the studies conducted on the use of recycled waste granite (WG) in place of different components in concrete or cementitious materials, such as aggregate and cement were reviewed. In this regard; research was conducted on the reuse of WG to make economic benefit, to prevent accumulation of WG, to contribute to the environment by helping in the formation of new materials from waste material, and the use of WG, which would generate hazardous radioactive gas to human health, in concrete production. Thus, the cementitious materials that will be obtained shall be environment-friendly, economic, and helpful in the isolation of hazardous radioactive wastes. Therefore, within the scope of this study, it was investigated whether semi-green cementitious materials obtained from recycling WG would have the mechanical characteristics to satisfy the requirements, and have equivalent or even surpassing characteristics compared to materials made from classic materials. The results were obtained at a substitution rate of 5-7.5%; when recycled WG was used in place of aggregate, the results were obtained at a substitution rate of 15-25%; and when recycled WG was used in place of coarse aggregate, it gave better performance than recycled normal concrete aggregate and worse performance than crushed quartzite coarse aggregate. Furthermore, in terms of economy, it was determined that the utilization of WG would decrease costs by a minimum of 0.54% and a maximum of 2.1%; while with respect to CO 2 emissions, the use of WG could decrease worldwide CO 2 emission by 5%. Also, it was determined that the best solution for granite, which could cause gas emissions of hazardous gases such as radon gas, would be to be used in concrete that would be exposed to open air.

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Correlation between radon exhalation and radium content in granite samples used as construction material in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Assessing exposure to granite countertops—part 2: Radon

Assessing exposure to granite countertops—part 2: Radon

Activity concentrations and dose rates from decorative granite countertops

Semi‐green cementitious materials from waste granite by considering the environmental, economic, and health impacts: A review

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