Correlation between Tear Osmolarity and Tear Meniscus

García-Resúa, Carlos; Pena-Verdeal, Hugo; Remeseiro, Beatriz; Giráldez, María Jesús; Yebra‐Pimentel, Eva

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000412

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies assessed tear osmolarity using a portable device to evaluate LASIK‐associated dry eye . Tear osmolarity was considered to be increased in dry eye patients and the measurement was safe and fast; however, the repeatability and reliability of osmolarity measurements are still controversial …”

Section: Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in laser in situ keratomileusis‐associated dry eye

Xie

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Dry eye is the most common complication after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The major cause of LASIK-associated dry eye is corneal nerve damage. Early identification and treatment of post-operative dry eye are essential to prevent further ocular surface damage. This article reviews the recent studies of LASIK-associated dry eye, including clinical features, aetiology, risk factors, evaluations and treatment. The applications of novel technologies in LASIK-associated dry eye evaluation like anterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and corneal confocal microscopy are also introduced in this review.

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Section: Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in laser in situ keratomileusis‐associated dry eye

Xie

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…The measurement of TMH was conducted using a Java‐based open‐source image processing software, ImageJ software v1.47i (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/), by a masked observer (JY) following the previously reported criteria (Garcia‐Resua et al. ). In all cases, TMH was measured with the straight tool, which allows the observers to locate the line in the target position picked in the middle of the illuminated area and perpendicular to the eyelid margin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMIS: a new image‐based software application for the measurement of tear meniscus height

Yang

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To present a new automated image recognition software for the measurement of tear meniscus height (TMH) and investigate its correlation and efficacy compared with an open‐source software (NIH ImageJ) and manual evaluation. Methods A total of 520 slit lamp photographs, among which 276 were in ×16 magnification and 244 were ×40 magnified, captured from 138 eyes of 69 healthy subjects were assessed for TMH by the new automated Tear Meniscus Identification Software (TMIS), ImageJ and human graders. Images processing of TMIS included filtration, recognition and measurement of slit lamp photographs under certain algorithm, which output two measurement patterns, TMISMax and TMISMean. TMH measured by ImageJ software, considered as the reference value, was conducted by a masked observer while four masked ophthalmologists performed the manual evaluation. Results In both magnifications, TMH measured by TMISMean showed similar values with ImageJ while manual evaluation demonstrated underestimated results, and a strong correlation was detected between TMIS and ImageJ. In ×16 magnified photographs, manually obtained TMH revealed a higher correlation with ImageJ, whereas a notably stronger correlation of TMIS with ImageJ was observed in ×40 photographs. Correspondingly, the accuracy for both TMISMax and TMISMean appeared to be lower than most doctors in ×16 slit lamp images, in contrast to a better precision of TMISMean in ×40 ones. Conclusion The new software displayed high accuracy and efficacy in ×40 magnification and TMISMean pattern, suggesting the possibility of this automated TMH measurement platform to be a valid tool in dry eye screening and follow‐up practice.

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“…Subjects were excluded if they had a history of a conjunctival, scleral or corneal disease, an active ocular disease (including DED and meibomian gland dysfunction) or ocular allergy, prior eye surgery (including refractive surgery or eyelid tattooing), glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorder, were pregnant or breastfeeding, wore contact lenses or had systemic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases . No participant was under any type of medication or used artificial tears at the time of the testing session . Prior to the study, subjects completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and were excluded if they had a score higher than 13, taken as an indicator of early stage or mild DED …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No participant was under any type of medication or used artificial tears at the time of the testing session . Prior to the study, subjects completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and were excluded if they had a score higher than 13, taken as an indicator of early stage or mild DED …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility in measuring tear samples using a freezing point depression osmometer

Pena-Verdeal

García-Resúa

Vazquez-Sanchez

et al. 2019

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: Hyperosmolarity of tear fluid has been recognised as a common feature of all types of dry eye disease. This study was designed to assess the inter-session reproducibility of a freezing point depression osmometer (Fiske 110) as the most common and precise way of measuring osmolality, by using two different volumes of tear samples on healthy subjects, and to determine the possible applications of this device in tear film research and clinical practice. Methods: Measurements were made by using the Fiske 110 osmometer under two different tear sample volumes (4 μl and 2 μl). In both cases, samples were diluted in purified water to obtain the 20 μl required by the device to perform the measurement (1:4 and 1:9 dilutions, respectively). Inter-session reproducibility was determined in two groups of 40 healthy subjects, in two sessions, one week apart. In each group, one of the two different tear sample volumes was used to determine the reproducibility of each technique. Results: No significant differences were detected between the measurements obtained in the two sessions using the 4 μl (paired t-test, p = 0.772; mean difference AE SD = −0.85 AE 18.77 mOsm/L; 95 per cent limits of agreement [LoAs] = −37.64/+35.94) or the 2 μl volume sample (paired t-test, p = 0.054; mean difference AE SD = 9.27 AE 29.44 mOsm/L; 95 per cent LoAs = −48.43/+66.97). Conclusions: Whereas both techniques show an acceptable inter-session reproducibility, the bias range with the present protocol was higher using the 2 μl tear sample volume than the 4 μl one. Therefore, it seems that the diluted 4 μl sample was the only dilution that could be acceptable for use in routine clinical practice for tear film analysis.

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Correlation between Tear Osmolarity and Tear Meniscus

Abstract: Osmolarity and both objective TMH measurements and subjective interpretation of the meniscus showed high correlation, especially in older symptomatic subjects.

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Recent advances in laser in situ keratomileusis‐associated dry eye

Recent advances in laser in situ keratomileusis‐associated dry eye

TMIS: a new image‐based software application for the measurement of tear meniscus height

Reproducibility in measuring tear samples using a freezing point depression osmometer

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