Correlation between Torque Tenovirus Infection and Serum Levels of Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Children Hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Diseases

Maggi, Fabrizio; Pifferi, Massimo; Tempestini, E; Lanini, Letizia; Marco, Emanuela De; Fornai, Claudia; Andreoli, Elisabetta; Presciuttini, Silvano; Vatteroni, Maria Linda; Pistello, Mauro; Ragazzo, Vincenzo; Macchia, Pierantonio; Pietrobelli, Angelo; Boner, Attilio; Bendinelli, Mauro

doi:10.1086/423143

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, TTV-DNA and mRNA were detected in PBMCs from TTV À donors infected with supernatants only from TTV-infected stimulated cells [53]. Maggi et al [54] reported that the TTV viral load was significantly higher in children with bronchopneumonia than in children with milder ARD. The TTV viral load was inversely correlated with the number of CD4 þ cells, while it was positively correlated with the number of B cells.…”

Section: Target Cells Of Ttvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, higher titers of TTV in nasal secretions from ARD children may be directly correlated with the presence of replicating regenerating epithelial cells and/or accumulating inflammatory cells. However, this assumption may be too simple, since the TTV viral load seems to be suppressed in the presence of more T-cells [54]. Touinssi et al [55] suggested that high TTV loads are associated with the level of immunoincompetence, because patients with a high TTV load (> 5 Â 10 3 to 5 Â 10 4 copies/mL) were statistically more frequent in haemodialysis, diabetic and low-CD4 þ HIV patients.…”

Section: Target Cells Of Ttvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torque teno virus (TTV): current status

Hino

Miyata

2006

Reviews in Medical Virology

170

133

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Torque teno virus (TTV), currently classified into the family Circoviridae, genus Anellovirus, was first found in a patient with non-A-E hepatitis. TTV has a single stranded circular DNA of approximately 3.8 kb. TTVs are extraordinarily diverse, spanning five groups including SANBAN and SEN viruses. Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with approximately 2.9 kb genome also has wide variants. Recently, two related 2.2- and 2.6-kb species joined this community. Recombinations between variants are frequent. This extensive TTV diversity remains unexplained; it is unclear how TTVs could be viable, and why they require such genetic variation. An unequivocal culture system is still not available. TTVs are ubiquitous in > 90% of adults worldwide but no human pathogenicity of TTV has been fully established. Epidemiological surveys need to specify the variants being studied and clinical targets, and must calibrate the sensitivity of the assay used. Potentially interesting observations include a higher viral load in patients with severe idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, cancer and lupus. Active replication was also found in infants with acute respiratory diseases. TTV/TTMV-related viruses were found in chimpanzees, apes, African monkeys and tupaias, and also in chickens, pigs, cows, sheep and dogs. Experimentally, rhesus monkeys were persistently infected by TTV, but only 1/53 chimpanzees. TTV transcribes three species of mRNAs, 3.0-, 1.2- and 1.0-kb in the ratio of 60:5:35. Recently, at least three mRNAs were shown in chicken anaemia virus. The genomic region -154/-76 contains a critical promoter. TTV seems to have at least three proteins; however, the definite functions of these proteins await further research work.

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Section: Target Cells Of Ttvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Cells Of Ttvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torque teno virus (TTV): current status

Hino

Miyata

2006

Reviews in Medical Virology

170

133

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“…9,10 All known TTV genotypes were detected because the assay targets a highly conserved segment of the viral untranslated region. 11,12 Reducing the volume of distilled water in which the extracted DNA was diluted and by increasing the volume of input DNA in the PCR reaction allowed to stretch the sensitivity to a lower limit of detection of 2.0 log 10 DNA copies/ml of plasma.…”

Section: Ttv Detection and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torquetenovirus viremia kinetics after autologous stem cell transplantation are predictable and may serve as a surrogate marker of functional immune reconstitution

Focosi

Maggi

Albani

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…Researchers have studied anelloviruses in the context of many diseases. Associations between anellovirus and acute respiratory disease have been described, but it is difficult to determine causation vs. correlation due to the ubiquitous nature of anelloviruses [9], [10], [11]. To date anelloviruses are still considered “orphan” viruses waiting to be linked to human disease [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Prevalence of Anellovirus in Pediatric Patients with Fever

et al. 2012

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The Anelloviridae family consists of non-enveloped, circular, single-stranded DNA viruses. Three genera of anellovirus are known to infect humans, named TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV. Although anelloviruses were initially thought to cause non-A-G viral hepatitis, continued research has shown no definitive associations between anellovirus and human disease to date. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the association between anelloviruses and fever in pediatric patients 2–36 months of age. We determined that although anelloviruses were present in a large number of specimens from both febrile and afebrile patients, they were more prevalent in the plasma and nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens of febrile patients compared to afebrile controls. Using PCR to detect each of the three species of anellovirus that infect humans, we found that anellovirus species TTV and TTMDV were more prevalent in the plasma and NP specimens of febrile patients compared to afebrile controls. This was not the case for species TTMV which was found in similar percentages of febrile and afebrile patient specimens. Analysis of patient age showed that the percentage of plasma and NP specimens containing anellovirus increased with age until patients were 19–24 months of age, after which the percentage of anellovirus positive patient specimens dropped. This trend was striking for TTV and TTMDV and very modest for TTMV in both plasma and NP specimens. Finally, as the temperature of febrile patients increased, so too did the frequency of TTV and TTMDV detection. Again, TTMV was equally present in both febrile and afebrile patient specimens. Taken together these data indicate that the human anellovirus species TTV and TTMDV are associated with fever in children, while the highly related human anellovirus TTMV has no association with fever.

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Correlation between Torque Tenovirus Infection and Serum Levels of Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Children Hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Diseases

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Torque teno virus (TTV): current status

Torque teno virus (TTV): current status

Torquetenovirus viremia kinetics after autologous stem cell transplantation are predictable and may serve as a surrogate marker of functional immune reconstitution

Increased Prevalence of Anellovirus in Pediatric Patients with Fever

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