Correlation of Cellular Immune Responses with Protection against Culture-Confirmed Influenza Virus in Young Children

Forrest, Bruce D.; Pride, Michael W.; Dunning, Andrew J.; Capeding, María Rosario; Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee; Tam, John S.; Rappaport, Ruth; Eldridge, John H.; Gruber, William C.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00397-07

Cited by 239 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Recently, it was shown that the numbers of spot-forming cells correlate with clinical protection from culture-confirmed influenza in young children (21). These numbers may vary depending on the antigen type and influenza strain, because median numbers in our assays were higher than those in assays in which hemagglutinin or vaccine components were used (9,(21)(22)(23), and as in the present study, A/H3N2-specific cell-mediated responses were lower than A/H1N1-specific responses. WIV contains core antigens in addition to surface antigens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Studies of cell‐mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Holvast¹,

Assen²,

Haan³

et al. 2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Both antibody and cell-mediated responses are involved in the defense against influenza. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a decreased antibody response to subunit influenza vaccine has been demonstrated, but cell-mediated responses have not yet been assessed. This study was therefore undertaken to assess cell-mediated responses to influenza vaccination in patients with SLE.Methods. Fifty-four patients with SLE and 54 healthy control subjects received subunit influenza vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera were obtained before and 1 month after vaccination. Cellmediated responses to A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 vaccines were evaluated using an interferon-␥ (IFN␥) enzymelinked immunospot assay and flow cytometry. Antibody responses were measured using a hemagglutination inhibition test.Results. Prior to vaccination, patients with SLE had fewer IFN␥ spot-forming cells against A/H1N1 compared with control subjects and a lower frequency of IFN␥-positive CD8؉ T cells. After vaccination, the number of IFN␥ spot-forming cells increased in both patients and control subjects, although the number remained lower in patients. In addition, the frequencies of CD4؉ T cells producing tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 were lower in patients after vaccination compared with healthy control subjects. As expected for a subunit vaccine, vaccination did not induce a CD8؉ T cell response. For A/H3N2-specific responses, results were comparable. Diminished cell-mediated responses to influenza vaccination were associated with the use of prednisone and/or azathioprine. The increase in A/H1N1-specific and A/H3N2-specific antibody titers after vaccination was lower in patients compared with control subjects.Conclusion. In addition to a decreased antibody response, cell-mediated responses to influenza vaccination are diminished in patients with SLE, which may reflect the effects of the concomitant use of immunosuppressive drugs. This may render these patients more susceptible to (complicated) influenza infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Studies of cell‐mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Holvast¹,

Assen²,

Haan³

et al. 2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Multiple prospective, randomized, controlled studies have described the efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children and adolescents compared with placebo and with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . LAIV provided levels of efficacy against influenza illness that, in the three comparative studies conducted, were significantly higher than those provided by TIV 1 , 3 , 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 6 months to 17 years of age

Belshe

Toback²,

Yi³

et al. 2010

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Belshe et al. (2010). Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 6 months to 17 years of age. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(3), 141–145. Background It has been suggested that live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) may be less effective in older individuals because of prior wild‐type influenza infections. LAIV is currently approved in the United States, South Korea and Hong Kong for individuals 2–49 years of age. Objective To examine data from previously published pediatric studies to determine the efficacy of LAIV in various age groups. Methods Four studies in which the subject age range exceeded 36 months were identified: one 2‐year study comparing LAIV with placebo and three 1‐year studies comparing LAIV with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Efficacy against any strain regardless of antigenic similarity to vaccine was analyzed by age; age groups were based on the study design and sample size. A logistic regression model was used to assess whether age, as a continuous variable, was an effect modifier on LAIV efficacy. Results The efficacy of LAIV did not vary with age in children aged 15–84 months compared with placebo or in children aged 6 months to 17 years compared with TIV. Conclusions The available data from prospective, randomized studies in children does not support the concept that prior repeated exposure to influenza, either through wild‐type infection or vaccination with live, attenuated or inactivated vaccines, reduces the efficacy of LAIV compared with placebo or TIV. The decreased immunologic responses to LAIV reported in older individuals or those with pre‐existing immunity do not appear to translate into reduced protection from influenza in children.

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“…S2). Because unadjuvanted s-TIV is generally not effective in inducing influenza-specific CD8 + T cells (25)(26)(27), not surprisingly, mice that received s-TIV did not have a significant number of influenza-specific CD8 + T cells in the lungs. On the other hand, in mice infected with s-WT virus, ∼10% of the pulmonary CD8 + T cells on day 8 after primary infection were specific for NP 147 , a conserved cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitope in the nucleoprotein.…”

Section: Elisa Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal influenza infection and live vaccine prime for a response to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine

Chen

Lau

Lamirande

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The robust immune response to a single dose of pandemic 2009 H1N1 vaccine suggests that a large segment of the population has been previously primed. We evaluated the effect of seasonal (s) H1N1 infection, s-trivalent inactivated vaccine (s-TIV), and trivalent s-live attenuated influenza vaccine (s-LAIV) before immunization with a pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (p-LAIV) in mice. We compared serum and mucosal antibody and pulmonary CD8 and CD4 responses and the virologic response to challenge with a wild-type 2009 pandemic H1N1 (p-H1N1) virus. Two doses of p-LAIV induced cellular immune and robust ELISA and neutralizing antibody responses that were associated with complete protection from p-H1N1 challenge. A single dose of p-LAIV induced a cellular response and ELISA but not a neutralizing antibody response, and incomplete protection from p-H1N1 virus challenge. Primary infection with s-H1N1 influenza virus followed by a dose of p-LAIV resulted in cross-reactive ELISA antibodies and a robust cellular immune response that was also associated with complete protection from p-H1N1 virus challenge. A lower-magnitude but similar response associated with partial protection was seen in mice that received a dose of s-LAIV followed by p-LAIV. Mice that received a dose of s-TIV followed by p-LAIV did not show any evidence of priming. In summary, prior infection with a seasonal influenza virus or s-LAIV primed mice for a robust response to a single dose of p-LAIV that was associated with protection equivalent to two doses of the matched pandemic vaccine.

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Correlation of Cellular Immune Responses with Protection against Culture-Confirmed Influenza Virus in Young Children

Cited by 239 publications

References 69 publications

Studies of cell‐mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Studies of cell‐mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus

Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 6 months to 17 years of age

Seasonal influenza infection and live vaccine prime for a response to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine

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