Correlation study to identify the factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rates in India

Upadhyay, Ashwini Kumar; Shukla, Shreyanshi

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.025

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Interestingly, more than half of our study population were younger than 60 years. This finding is in concordance with recent reviews from Bangladesh and India 8,9 ; suggests that the population at risk for COVID-19 mortality may differ from other regions of the world, possibly due to genetic or environmental factors or possibly a shorter life expectancy. Other demographic characteristics, clinical features, co-morbidities and duration of hospital stay were similar to other studies [10][11][12] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Death Profiling of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Experience from a Specialized Hospital in Bangladesh

Morshed¹,

Mosabbir

Hossain

2022

Bangla. J. Microbiol.

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The information on characteristics and causes of mortality in deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce in the literature. This study is aimed to document the clinical profile with causes of death in deceased patients admitted to a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This cross-sectional retrospective study included 108 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 associated deceased patients admitted in Kurmitola general hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between 25 March 2020 and 24 June 2020) Data were collected from hospital records. Causes of death were categorized into early-death and late-death, with a cut-off of 48 hours of hospitalization. Among 809 hospitalized cases of COVID-19, 108 patients died (13.35%) over three months of the study period. The median age of the deceased patients was 60.0 (50.0, 70.0) years; 86.1% were male. About 85% had at least one comorbidity with diabetes mellitus (65.7%) was the most common one. The most common symptoms were breathlessness (88.0%), fever (65.7%) and cough (43.5%). Nearly 75% presented with severe disease. Patients had altered biochemical profiles and were treated with different drugs, including antibiotics and steroids. Young age and undernutrition were two characteristic features. Only one-third got intensive care support. The most common cause of death was acute respiratory distress syndrome (95.37%). Septic shock and acute myocardial infarction were predominant among early death cases, and uremia, hepatic failure, and hyperglycemic crisis were the predominant causes of late hospital death. The findings of this study will help clinicians and policymakers to take the necessary steps to prevent deaths from COVID-19 in the Bangladeshi population. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 45-49

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Death Profiling of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Experience from a Specialized Hospital in Bangladesh

Morshed¹,

Mosabbir

Hossain

2022

Bangla. J. Microbiol.

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“…Incorporating endurance training into the daily routine of adults affects telomerase activity and telomere length [24] and protects against excessive chromosomal damage [57]. Indeed, many studies have shown a reduction in the number of hospitalisations and the risk of death in COVID-19 patients who had been exercising [58] and were not overweight [59,60]. In addition, aging of the immune system also affects both resistance to infections and the biological age of a person [22,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration of Biological Aging and Underestimation of Subjective Age Are Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

Berezina

Rybtsov

2021

Biomedicines

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In an epidemic, it is important to have methods for reliable and rapid assessment of risk groups for severe forms of the disease for their priority vaccination and for the application of preventive lockdown measures. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19 in adults using indicators of biological and subjective aging. Longitudinal studies evaluated the severity of the disease and the number of cases. Respondents (447) were divided into “working group” and “risk group” (retirees with chronic diseases). During the lockdown period (in mid-2020), accelerated aging was observed in the group of workers (by 3.9–8 years for men and an increase at the tendency level for women). However, the respondents began to feel subjectively younger (by 3.3–7.2 years). In the risk group, there were no deviations from the expected biopsychological aging. The number of cases at the end of 2020 was 31% in workers and 0% in the risk group. Reasonably, the risk group followed the quarantine rules more strictly by 1.5 times. In working men, indicators of relative biological and relative subjective aging (measured in both 2019 and mid-2020) significantly influenced the incidence at the end of 2020. In women, only the indicators obtained in mid-2020 had a significant impact. The relative biological aging of an individual tested in the middle of 2020 had a direct impact on the risk of infection (p < 0.05) and on the probability of death (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, an increase in the relative subjective (psychological) aging index reduced the risk of infection (at the tendency level, p = 0.06) and the risk of death (p < 0.0001). Both the risk of infection and the risk of death increased with calendar age at the tendency level. Conclusions: Indicators of individual relative biological and subjective aging affect the probability of getting COVID-19 and its severity. The combination of high indicators of biological aging and underestimated indicators of subjective aging is associated with increased chances of developing severe forms of the disease.

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“…A previous study using data from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control found that the case fatality rate (CFR) was positively associated with the GDP per capita and negatively associated with the number of hospital beds per 1000 people [ 28 ]. Another previous study from India reported that the life expectancy was positively associated with the CFR, whereas the HDI, per capita GDP, health expenditure per capita, number of physicians per 1000 people, and number of hospital beds per 1000 people were negatively associated with the CFR [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These estimations are crucial to the guidance of public health policy [ 27 , 35 ]. A high number of confirmed cases could indicate that extensive testing is taking place, which could then decrease the CFR [ 13 , 34 ]. The CFR is commonly used as a measure of the disease severity and efficiency of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country

et al. 2022

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It is important to understand the ultimate control of COVID-19 in all countries around the world in relation to the characteristics of developed countries, LDCs, and the variety of transmission characteristics of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a focus on the Human Development Index (HDI). The units of analysis used for the current study were countries, and dataset were aggregated from multiple sources. This study used COVID-19 data from Our World in Data, the Global Health Security Index, and the WORLD BANK. A total of 171 countries were included in the analysis. A multi-variable linear regression with a hierarchical framework was employed to investigate whether the HDI is associated with confirmed COVID-19 cases after controlling for the demographic and healthcare system characteristics of the study countries. For Model 2, which controlled for demographic and healthcare system characteristics, HDI (β = 0.46, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.64–10.87) and the number of physicians per 1000 people (β = 0.34, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.21–0.75) had significant associations with the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people. Countries with a high HDI level are able to conduct higher per capita testing, resulting in higher numbers of confirmed cases than in countries with lower HDI levels. This study has shown evidence that could be used by governments and international organizations to identify national characteristics and provide the international cooperation necessary to develop effective prevention and intervention methods to deal with the global pandemic.

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Correlation study to identify the factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rates in India

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Death Profiling of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Experience from a Specialized Hospital in Bangladesh

Death Profiling of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Experience from a Specialized Hospital in Bangladesh

Acceleration of Biological Aging and Underestimation of Subjective Age Are Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country

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