Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

Vamanu, Emanuel; Gatea, Florentina

doi:10.3390/biomedicines8020039

Cited by 66 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Phytocomplexes can be metabolized by the microbiota, but they can also modulate it, in order to improve their role in the prevention and amelioration of several diseases [75]. Moreover, the presence of several classes of compounds identified in all the extracts tested underlines the need to further analyze the effects of their single bioactive components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Italian Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Methanol Leaves Extracts

et al. 2020

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In this study, we evaluated and compared the chemical composition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects of four methanol extracts (R1–R4), of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. in two different sites of Southern Italy obtained by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Ionian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R1 (maceration) and R2 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Tyrrhenian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R3 (maceration) and R4 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). The chemical composition was analyzed using High Pressure liquid chromatography–Diod-Array detection–Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole–Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Antioxidant features were also assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 murine macrophages, evaluating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; in the same experimental model, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was investigated. Interestingly, all extracts displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibited significative nitrite production inhibitory activity, whith IC50 values ranging from 3.46 to 5.53 µg/mL, without impairing cell viability. The anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated by Western Blotting and immunofluorescence assay, highlighting the R3 and R4 extracts ability to reduce NF-κB translocation, as well as to disrupt the MAPKs signaling pathway. Extracts exhibited both potential anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, without affecting non-tumorigenic cells, and the ability to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells’ motility. Finally, the rosemary extracts treatment significantly reduced the power of conditioned media, from MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells to induce nitrite production on RAW 264.7 cells, confirming their promising anti-inflammatory activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Italian Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Methanol Leaves Extracts

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, it is reported that natural products could have a xenobiotic effect, and the intestinal ecosystem has been shown to be responsible for xenobiotic biotransformation [40]. Recent studies displayed that polysaccharides could reduce oxidative stress by regulating gut microbiota composition or activating gastrointestinal immune cells, and could be degraded in gastrointestinal tract, thus they could pass through the intestinal epithelial cells and enter the blood circulation [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Hepatic Protective Activities of Polysaccharides from Phascolosoma esculenta

Jiang

Lin

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effects of Phascolosoma esculenta polysaccharides (PEP). PEP was prepared from Phascolosoma esculenta by enzyme hydrolysis and its characterization was analyzed. The antioxidant activities of PEP were evaluated by the assays of scavenging 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and chelating ferrous ion in vitro. It showed that PEP could scavenge radicals effectively and had favorable antioxidant activities. In the meantime, the hypolipidemic effect of PEP was investigated in vivo by using mice model fed with high-fat diet with or without PEP treatment. Compared with the hyperlipidemic mice without treatment, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (30.1–35.7%, p < 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (24.5–50.8%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (49.6–56.8%, p < 0.01) and liver levels of TC (21.0–28.4%, p < 0.01), TG (23.8–37.0%, p < 0.01) decreased significantly, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (47.7–59.9%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) increased significantly after treatment with different dosage of PEP (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g per kg body weight, respectively). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (10.2–22.2% and 18.8–26.9%, p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (11.9–15.4% and 26.6–30.4%, p < 0.05) activities in serum and liver enhanced markedly while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (18.7–29.6% and 42.4–58.0%, p < 0.05), alanine transaminase (ALT) (42.7–46.0% and 31.2–42.2%, p < 0.05) activities, as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (15.9–24.4% and 15.0–16.8%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in serum and liver reduced markedly. Moreover, the histopathological observation of livers indicated that PEP could attenuate liver cell injury. The animal experimental results demonstrated that PEP exerted hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective roles in hyperlipidemic mice. In summary, our results above suggest that PEP might be a potential natural antioxidant and utilized as a therapeutic candidate for hyperlipidemia.

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“…Further studies are needed to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying C. coli-host interactions in more detail. Given the importance of the gut luminal milieu and its metabolomic features that are determined by the gut microbiota composition, in contributing to "intestinal health" [45], we are currently assessing the immunomodulatory (i.e., anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory) properties of distinct probiotic and prebiotic compounds as therapeutic and/or preventive strategies to combat Campylobacter induced inflammatory responses in the vertebrate host with intestinal inflammatory comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota Changes Following Campylobacter coli Infection of IL-10-/- Mice with Chronic Colitis

et al. 2020

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Human infections with the food-borne enteropathogens Campylobacter are progressively rising. Recent evidence revealed that pre-existing intestinal inflammation facilitates enteropathogenic infection subsequently exacerbating the underlying disease. Given that only little is known about C. coli–host interactions and particularly during intestinal inflammation, the aim of the present study was to survey gastrointestinal colonization properties, gut microbiota changes and pro-inflammatory sequelae upon peroral C. coli-infection of IL-10-/- mice with chronic colitis. C. coli colonized the gastrointestinal tract of mice with varying efficiencies until day 28 post-infection and induced macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory changes as indicated by shorter colonic lengths, more distinct histopathological changes in the colonic mucosa and higher numbers of apoptotic colonic epithelial cells when compared to mock-infected controls. Furthermore, not only colonic innate and adaptive immune cell responses, but also enhanced systemic TNF-α secretion could be observed following C. coli as opposed to mock challenge. Notably, C. coli induced intestinal inflammatory sequelae were accompanied with gut microbiota shifts towards higher commensal enterobacterial loads in the infected gut lumen. Moreover, the pathogen translocated from the intestinal tract to extra-intestinal tissue sites in some cases, but never to systemic compartments. Hence, C. coli accelerates inflammatory immune responses in IL-10-/- mice with chronic colitis.

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Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review

Cited by 66 publications

References 93 publications

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Italian Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Methanol Leaves Extracts

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Italian Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Methanol Leaves Extracts

Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Hepatic Protective Activities of Polysaccharides from Phascolosoma esculenta

Inflammatory Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota Changes Following Campylobacter coli Infection of IL-10-/- Mice with Chronic Colitis

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