Human health and the environment are adversely affected by fine particulate matter. By utilizing standard deviation ellipse and trend analyses, we studied the spatial patterns and temporal trends of PM 2.5 over Pakistan from 1998 to 2016. The outcomes of these analyses indicated that PM 2.5 concentrations were considerably amplified in Pakistan, particularly in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh. The areal extent of PM 2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m 3 declined constantly, and the area with PM 2.5 concentrations above 35 μg/m 3 increased significantly. The highly affected cities were Lahore,