Corrosion and scaling as interrelated phenomena in an operating geothermal power plant

Mundhenk, Niklas; Huttenloch, Petra; Sanjuan, Bernard; Köhl, Thomas; Steger, Hagen; Zorn, Roman

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2013.01.003

Cited by 90 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Sulfates, sulfides, (hydro)oxides, or even chlorides can also form scale deposits (Corsi 1986;Regenspurg et al 2015). Next to problematic mineral precipitation, corrosion of varying chemistry and degree can significantly harm carbon-and low-alloy steel components as well as concrete casings of geothermal installations (Mundhenk et al 2013;Nogara and Zarrouk 2014). These material deterioration processes mostly depend on the prevailing electrochemical (redox) conditions and critical solution/gas constituents of the thermal fluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Boch

Leis²,

Haslinger

et al. 2017

Geotherm Energy

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Boch

Leis²,

Haslinger

et al. 2017

Geotherm Energy

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“…Its vulnerability is observed with an increase in temperature and concentration of halide ions that initiate localized corrosion (PREN = 23.1-28.5) (Goldberg, 1976). Several authors investigated already the corrosion behavior of alloy UNS S31603 for geothermal industry (Mundhenk et al, 2013;Klapper et al, 2013). They confirmed its excellent resistance to uniform corrosion and susceptibility to localized attack at increased temperatures and chlorides concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The main factors that determine the corrosion rate of metals in geothermal fluids are temperature, acidity and chloride ion concentration (Mundhenk et al, 2013). The influence of these parameters on the corrosion performance of the construction material needs to be elucidated thoroughly prior to the initial design phase to ensure a "safer operating window" of a power plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of UNS S31603 steel for geothermal brines in volcanic areas – Influence of different physicochemical conditions on its corrosion behavior

Keserovic

Bäßler

2015

Geothermics

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“…Savage et al 1992) or steel corrosion is considered in literature (e.g. Pound et al 1985;Mundhenk et al 2013;Klapper et al 2012;Bäßler et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper precipitation as consequence of steel corrosion in a flow-through experiment mimicking a geothermal production well

et al. 2017

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Decreasing production rates and massive precipitation of native copper (Cu(0)) were observed in the production well at the geothermal research facility Groß Schönebeck (Germany). The Cu precipitates filling up the well are a product of an electrochemical corrosion reaction between dissolved copper (Cu 2+ , Cu + ) in the brine and iron (Fe(0)) of the carbon steel liner. It was hypothesized that this reaction occurs not only within the borehole, but also on the outside of the casing at contact between casing and reservoir rock as well as in the pores of the reservoir rock. To verify the assumption of potential clogging of the rock pores as well as to quantify the reaction and to determine reaction kinetics, a flow-through experiment was designed mimicking the reaction at depth of the well between sandstone samples (24 cm 3 Fontainebleau), steel (carbon steel or stainless steel), and artificial formation water containing 1 mM Cu 2+ at oxic or anoxic (O 2 < 0.2 mg/L) conditions in dependence of temperature and salinity. Obtained experimental data served as input for a numerical reaction model to deepen the process understanding and that ultimately should be used to predict processes in the geothermal reservoir. Results showed that (1) with increasing temperature, the reaction rate of the electrochemical reaction increased. (2) High amounts of sodium and calcium chloride (NaCl + CaCl 2 ) in the solution decreased the overall reaction inasmuch more Fe and less Cu was measured in the salt-poor solutions over time. (3) Strongest oxidation was observed in oxic experiments when not only native copper but also iron hydroxides were identified after the experiments in the pore space of the rock samples. (4) No reaction products were observed when stainless steel was used instead of carbon steel to react with the Cu 2+ solution. A numerical flow-through reactor model was developed for PHREEQC based on the assumption that Fe(0) corrosion is kinetically controlled and subsequent Cu(0) precipitation occurs in thermodynamic equilibrium within the investigated experimental set-up. Calculated coefficients of determination comparing measured and simulated reaction rates for Fe and Cu underline the validity of the approach.

show abstract

Corrosion and scaling as interrelated phenomena in an operating geothermal power plant

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Scale-fragment formation impairing geothermal energy production: interacting H2S corrosion and CaCO3 crystal growth

Suitability of UNS S31603 steel for geothermal brines in volcanic areas – Influence of different physicochemical conditions on its corrosion behavior

Copper precipitation as consequence of steel corrosion in a flow-through experiment mimicking a geothermal production well

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