Corrosion Behavior of Mn2O3 Nanoparticles Doped Samarium Superconductor in 0.5 M HCl

Abstract

High performance single-domain (RE)Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ where RE denoted rare earth element, such as Gd, Nd, Sm, Eu , Y, etc., have received technological and scientific attention since it is used for a wide range of large-scale utilization such as wind turbines, magnetic separation devices for water purification, in transportation as well as in power transmission [1]. Some applications of these new materials will be critically dependent on their stability in hostile aqueous environments which can limit their use in different environments, specifically in humid media [2]. Gao et al. [3] studied the effect of rare earth elements on the structure and electrochemical properties of La 0.63 R 0.2 Mg 0.17 Ni 3.1 Co 0.3 Al 0.1 alloy electrodes. They found that the substitution of La with Ce, Pr and Gd increases the electrochemical capacity and greatly improves hydrogen diffusion rate in the bulk as well as the charge transfer rate at the surface, and hence increase the rate of discharge-ability. Considerable research effort has been focused on the corrosion resistance of ceramic materials and composite oxides to determine the suitable conditions for different potential applications of these materials and find the protective measures in a corrosive medium. One of the functional methods to enhance the corrosion resistance of these materials is the addition of nanoparticles that became much attractive due to their effect on the microstructure., Singh et al. investigated the Mn-substitution in Mn x Fe 3-x O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) [4]. It was found that Mn improves significantly the electrocatalytic activity of this material specifically with 0.5 mol Mn-substitution. In addition, the deposition of MnO 2 on carbon nanotube (CNT) /Al show that this composite electrode was characterized by its capacitive behavior, displaying a much higher capacitance compared to MnO 2 / Ni electrodes [5]. Furthermore, Wang et al. [6] showed that the LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode material shows the optimal overall electrochemical performance in view of the relatively lower discharge capacity at all rates. Nichelson et al. proved that a maximum ionic conductivity of 10 -6 S/cm at ambi-